安徽省滁州市定远县育才学校2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高二上·成都期末）阅读理解
The
world's most breathtaking clifftop hotels
Angama Mara, Kenya
Perched 1, 000 feet above the Maasai Mara,
Angama Mara is on the edge of the Great Rift Valley. The site served as a
location for the 1985 film "Out of Africa." Guests can expect
top-quality game viewing, including Africa's Big Five, every month of the year,
both on game drives and on walking safaris. Amenities include a photography
studio, fitness center, an art gallery, a 40-foot-long swimming pool and a
studio.
Angama Mara: Suswa Mara Triangle, Kenya; +254
730 630630
Monastero Santa Rosa Hotel & Spa, Amalfi
Coast, Italy
Formerly a monastery dating back to the 17th
century, the family-run Monastero Santa Rosa clings to the side of a cliff
overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea and Gulf of Salerno. With 20 rooms, it has an
infinity pool, five tiers of landscaped gardens and a Michelin-starred
restaurant. The spa is the best on the Amalfi Coast and features treatments
using local herbs and plants.
Monastero Santa Rosa Hote1& Spa: Via Roma,
2, 84010 Conca dei Marini SA, Italy; +39 089 832 1199
Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort, AI Jabal
Al Akhdar, Nizwa, Oman
Towering 6, 000 feet above sea level on the
curving rim of a canyon, Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar overlooks Oman's
mountainous landscape. It's an area that Prince Charles and the late Diana,
Princess of Wales, visited in 1986. The resort has 115 rooms, a cliff-edge
infinity pool, six restaurants and lounges and a spa. Guests can hike through
valleys, mountain bike or visit ancient mountainside villages and nearby
historic sites.
Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort: No 110, Al
Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa 621, Oman; +968 25 218000
1．Where will you go if you are interested in walking safaris
A．Suswa Mara Triangle, Kenya.
B．Tyrrhenian Sea and Gulf of Salerno.
C．No 110, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa 621, Oman.
D．Via Roma, 2, 84010 Conca dei Marini SA, Italy.
2．What do the three hotels have in common
A．Each of the three hotels has a large pool.
B．Each of the three hotels has an art gallery.
C．All of the three hotels are visited by Prince and Princess.
D．All of the three hotels are famous for the spa using herbs.
3．Where does the passage most likely come from
A．A fiction. B．A textbook.
C．A history book. D．A tourist guidebook.
【答案】1．A
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界上最惊险的悬崖酒店。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Angama Mara, Kenya 部分中的"Guests can expect top-quality game viewing, including Africa＇s Big Five, every month of the year, both on game drives and on walking safaris"一年中的每个月，无论是在游戏车上还是在徒步旅行中，游客都可以期待高质量的游戏观赏，包括非洲五大游戏。可知如果你对徒步旅行感兴趣，你会去Angama Mara, Kenya ，故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据Angama Mara, Kenya 部分中的＂a 40-foot-long swimming pool＂一个40英尺长的游泳池和一个工作室； Monastero Santa Rosa Hotel ＆ Spa, Amalfi Coast, Italy 部分中的"it has an infinity pool"它有一个无限大的游泳池；以及 Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa, Oman 部分中的"a cliff-edge infinity pool"悬崖边的无边泳池。可知这三家酒店的共同点是都有一个大型游泳池，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了世界上最惊险的悬崖酒店，文章最有可能出自旅游指南， 故选D。
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
It was a cold Saturday night in February. Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl, who had touched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years.
Except for a few excited screams from children, people were quiet—patiently awaiting the owl's arrival at the reservoir's north gatehouse. The snowy owl did not disappoint. She flew down from the darkness and surveyed the water and the people holding phones and cameras before taking off into the night to the applause of her many fans. They simply wanted to see this lovely creature whose improbable appearance seemed to signify hope after the lockdown
New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rectangle of green in the heart of the big city and, of course, its amazing wildlife. That the park is a beautiful and essential refuge is something that humans have only come to fully appreciate during these recent times of uncertainty.
Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation's history—in the years before and during the American Civil War. Unlike many European parks that had originally been built for the aristocracy (贵族), Central Park was designed as a public space. In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted's words, the poor and rich alike could "easily go there after their day's work is done" and "stroll for an hour, seeing, hearing, and feeling nothing of the noise of the streets."
As spring turns into summer, we see people sitting on the grass or benches—catching some sun, having family picnics, or tapping away on their laptops and iPads. Just being other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community—the sense that we would somehow persevere.
4．What did people do in Central Park on that Saturday night
A．They cheered for each other. B．They paid their first visit.
C．They came for a rare sight. D．They appreciated a water event.
5．What does the author mainly intend to do in Paragraph 4
A．Give some examples. B．Make a comparison.
C．Introduce a new opinion. D．Add background information.
6．What do the underlined words "in proximity to" in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Close to. B．Free from.
C．At a distance from. D．In comparison with.
7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Find Refuge in Central Park.
B．Take Your Breath by Snow Owl.
C．Trace Central Park to difficult times.
D．Meet an improbable "visitor" in person.
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．A
7．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以200名纽约人在水库观赏神奇雪鸮为开头，引出文章的主题中央公园。揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl.”200名纽约人小心翼翼地来到水库，希望能一睹这只神奇的雪鸮的模样；以及“as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years.”该物种130多年来首次来到这里。可知，人们在周六的晚上来到中心公园主要了是观看一只130多年来首次来到这里的雪鸮。故选C。
5．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation's history—in the years before and during the American Civil War.”中央公园最初是在美国历史上的另一个艰难时期——美国内战前和内战期间——规划和建造的。可知，第四段交代了中央公园建设的特殊历史时期，为文章讲述中央公园交代了历史背景。故选D。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“gave us a sense of community — the sense that we would somehow persevere.”给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。可知，句中的community意为“归属感”，只有人们之间近距离接触的时候才会有归属感，A选项意为“接近”，符合题意。故选A。
7．考查主旨大意。根据全文可知，揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征；以及根据最后一段中的“Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community—the sense that we would somehow persevere.”在中央公园和其他人近距离接触给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。可知，人们在中央公园中能够找到人们坚持下去的归属感。表明中央公园为纽约人提供了精神慰藉。“在中央公园找寻慰藉”适合做文章标题。故选A。
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
A new study combining linguistic,
genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of
languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the
people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who
inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9, 000 years ago.
The findings
detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of
millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages
across an area stretching more than 8, 000 kilometers.
The findings
illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered
the movements of some of the world's major language families. Millet was an
important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.
There are 98
Transeurasian languages. This language family's beginnings were traced to
millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area including parts of the Chinese
provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers
moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west
into Siberia and east into Korea and over the sea to Japan over thousands of
years.
The research
stressed the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures.
"Accepting
that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present
national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are
not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets,
lead author of the study published in the journal Nature.
"Powerful
nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one
language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth is that all
languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed,"
Robbeets added.
The origins of
modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion, with
millet also involved. While the ancestors of the Transeurasian languages grew
millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language
family farmed millet at roughly the same time in China's Yellow River region,
paving the way for a separate language expansion.
8．What is the new study mainly about
A．The migration routes of millet farmers.
B．The ancient origins of a large language family.
C．The different ancestries of Transeurasian speakers.
D．The shared features of some neighboring languages.
9．What fueled the spread of Transeurasian languages
A．The transition of power. B．The diversity of lifestyles.
C．The interaction of cultures. D．The adoption of farming.
10．According to Robbeets, who may feel uncomfortable about the new findings
A．Those from agricultural countries.
B．Those who deny their cultural identity.
C．Those with a strong sense of nationalism.
D．Those who are afraid to cross boundaries.
11．What is the main function of the last paragraph
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To present likely consequences.
C．To highlight the theme. D．To offer additional information.
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了发表在《自然》期刊上的一项最新研究发现，包括日语，韩语，土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前的中国东北。农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago”一项结合语言学、遗传学和考古学证据的新研究追溯了现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等语言家族的起源，以及与居住在中国东北地区约 9000 年前的黍农民说这些语言的人。可知，第一段主要讲了一支大语族的古代起源。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段指代“The findings illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world's major language families.”研究结果说明了人类在冰河时代之后对农业的接受如何推动了世界上一些主要语系的运动。可知，是农业推动了世界主要语系的发展。故选D。
10．考查推理判断。根据第六段指代“Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make,”接受一个人的语言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的国界是一种身份的放弃，有些人还没有准备好。可知，他认为承认自己的语言，文化或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四个选项中强烈的民族主义者比较符合这个群体画像。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段指代“The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion,”现代汉语的起源以类似的方式独立出现。可知，最后一段主要讲了现代汉语的起源，从最后一段可知汉藏语系和泛欧亚语系是独立的。而前文主要探讨的是泛欧亚语系，所以这里是补充额外信息。故选D。
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
A "secretive" new species of
frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Western Ghat mountain
range. Named the starry dwarf frog after the markings on its dark brown back, it is just 2
centimeters long.
The frog, whose closest
relatives are a group of species native to India and Sri Linka, is the only member
of an ancient lineage (血统) dating back to
millions of years ago, according to
researchers from India and the US. It is unclear whether the species is
descended from African or Asian frogs.
A group of Indian
and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as
part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes
in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study. Genetic
testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and
other features has shown that it doesn't match any existing species.
Kartik Shanker of
the Indian Institute of Science, who helped design
the study, says while it is
common to find new frogs in India, this one needs to
be noticed. "This particular species not just is a new species, but also belongs
to a new genus (属), and that makes it
a little more special, " says
Shanker.
The number of
known species of frog identified in India has climbed from around 200 to above
400 over the past two decades. While many species new to science are frequently
immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to
say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened. "They are very secretive," says
Shanker, adding that the
team didn't know the size of its population. The frog is active at night and
lives near water.
Habitat loss is a
serious risk to frogs in tropical forests around the world, alongside threats
such as a deadly fungus (真菌) that has been
killing off amphibians (两栖动物) for the past four
decades. But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will
enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．The species was discovered by tourists.
B．The species was found in a rich region.
C．The species was finally set free.
D．The species was further studied.
13．What can we say about the new frog
A．It is in small quantities.
B．It is an endangered species.
C．It is well worth attention.
D．It is related to African or Asian frogs.
14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Habitat loss is the chief threat to frogs.
B．The new species may face less dangers.
C．Tropical forests in India are all under protection.
D．The Indian government determines to save frogs.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A rare frog species protected in India
B．A rise in species of frog seen in India
C．A secretive frog species discovered in India
D．A risk of habitat loss for frogs removed in India
【答案】12．D
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种在印度发现的新青蛙品种。通过研究它的种种特征表明，它不同于现有的青蛙种类，而是一种新的特别的属类，并且目前尚不明确它是否属于濒危物种。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“A group of Indian and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study.”一组印度和美国的研究人员首次发现了隐藏在落叶中的本地物种，这是一个更广泛的项目的一部分，该项目旨在在这个生物多样性丰富的地区寻找新的青蛙、蜥蜴和蛇，并将其储存在一个罐子中供以后研究；以及“Genetic testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and other features has shown that it doesn’t match any existing species.”基因测试和对它的形状、颜色和其他特征的仔细观察表明，它与现有的任何物种都不匹配。可知，新发现的青蛙被装在罐子里进行了基因测试、颜色、形状及等其他特征的进一步研究。故选D。
13．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“While many species new to science are frequently immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened.” 虽然许多科学上的新物种经常立即被归类为濒危物种，但现在说星矮蛙是否受到威胁还为时过早；以及“‘They are very secretive,’ says Shanker, adding that the team didn't know the size of its population. ”“它们非常神秘”，Shanker说，并补充说研究团队不知道它们的数量。可知，新物种常备归类为濒危物种，而且这种新青蛙的数量是未知的，所以他们值得特别的关注。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.” 但这个新物种是在一片保护区发现的，这意味着它将受到印度政府机构的一定程度的保护。可知，这种新青蛙物种正在受政府保护，因此它面临的危险可能更小。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A ‘secretive’ new species of frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Western Ghat mountain range.”在印度西高特山脉的森林地面上发现了一种“神秘的”青蛙新品种。可知整篇文章介绍一种新被发现的青蛙品种。“在印度发现的一种神秘的青蛙”作为标题可以概括全文主旨。故选C。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Holidays and stress seem to go hand in hand. To cope, many people often steal hours from their sleep to pack in all the cooking, shopping, parties and family time. 　16． 　. Try these sleep expert tips to prevent from ruining slumber during the holidays.
Be careful with excess food
　17． 　. However, eating smaller portions and taking breaks to check in with your body on how full you are can help. This seems cruel especially when a delicious meal is right in front of you, but this tip can help reduce your feelings of sleepiness. Besides, try replacing the sugary and fatty foods on your holiday plate with more unprocessed, fiber-rich foods.
　18． 　
Many people look forward to that holiday nap, and often point to the turkey as the cause. In fact, you'd have to eat about 8 pounds for turkey to have an effect. Instead, it's the rich, processed foods, such as candied sweet potatoes or pecan pie, that are making you feel tired　19． 　.
Watch for depression
If you suffer from anxiety, depression or seasonal affective disorder (a condition that causes sadness when there's less daylight）, watching your sleep is key. Depression and sleep are linked. 　20． 　Calming strategies can include a relaxing transition before going to sleep in which you could take a bath, meditate or listen to soothing music.
A. Be strategic with naps
B. Watch your alcohol intake
C. Another effective strategy is regular exercise
D. If you do decide to have a nap, be sure not to do it too soon after eating
E. Eating large, heavy meals causes the body to work harder to digest the foods
F. Poor sleep can damage our mood, and depression can lead to unhealthy sleep
G. But even a night or two of short sleep can have short term effects on your health and mood
【答案】16．G；17．E；18．A；19．D；20．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了防止你在假期里破坏睡眠的一些建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Holidays and stress seem to go hand in hand. To cope, many people often steal hours from their sleep to pack in all the cooking, shopping, parties and family time.”假期和压力似乎是形影不离的。为了应对这种情况，许多人经常从睡眠中抽出几个小时来做饭、购物、参加聚会和与家人共度时光。可知许多人牺牲睡眠时间来做其他事；以及空后“Try these sleep expert tips to prevent from ruining slumber during the holidays.”试试下面这些睡眠专家的建议，防止你在假期里破坏睡眠。而后句提到专家给出建议，故可推知空格处应指出牺牲睡眠来做其他事对健康产生不好的影响。G.But even a night or two of short sleep can have short term effects on your health and mood.“但即使是一两个晚上的睡眠不足也会对你的健康和情绪产生短期影响。”起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境，故选G。
17．根据本段小标题“Be careful with excess food”小心过量的食物；以及空后“However, Eating smaller portions and taking breaks to check in with your body on how full you are can help.”然而，少吃一点，休息一下，检查一下你的身体，看看你有多饱会有所帮助。可推知，上一句应描述Eating large的坏处。E. Eating large, heavy meals causes the body to work harder to digest the foods.“吃大餐会使身体更加努力地消化食物。”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E。
18．根据空后“Many people look forward to that holiday nap, and often point to the turkey as the cause.”许多人都期待着假日的小憩，并经常把火鸡作为原因。可知本段主要讲的是和nap有关。 A. Be strategic with naps “午睡要有策略。”总结该段内容，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前“Instead, it's the rich, processed foods, such as candied sweet potatoes or pecan pie, that are making you feel tired.”相反，是丰富的加工食品，如蜜饯红薯或山核桃派，让你感到疲劳。提出是因为吃的太多影响小睡。D. If you do decide to have a nap, be sure not to do it too soon after eating.“如果你决定小睡一会儿，一定不要在刚吃完饭的时候小睡。”为给出的建议，也是对上文内容的总结。上下文语意连贯。故选D。
20．根据本段小标题“ Watch for depression ”注意抑郁症；以及空前“Depression and sleep are linked.”抑郁和睡眠有联系。可推知，本空应描述睡眠和心情的关系。F. Poor sleep can damage our mood, and depression can lead to unhealthy sleep.“睡眠不好会损害我们的情绪，而抑郁会导致不健康的睡眠。”为描述睡眠和心情的关系，也是对上文内容的解释，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2023高二下·定远开学考）完形填空
One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds. It was just our way of 21． play time with our family. We were standing in line, 22． to be served when everyone around us began to back away.
As I turned around, I smelled a 23． smell. Standing behind me were two homeless men. As I looked down at the short man 24． to me, he was smiling at me. His beautiful blue 25． were full of God's Light. He said "Good day" as he counted the few 26． he had been holding. The second man was fumbling (摆平) with his hands, standing behind his friend and keeping laughing and talking to himself. I realized the second man was 27． mentally (精神上) disabled. The young lady at the counter asked the short man what he 28． . He said, "Coffee is all, Miss. " That was all he could 29． . To sit in the 30． and warm up, they had to buy something.
Just then, I noticed all eyes in the restaurant 31． me. I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfasts. I then walked to the table that the two men had chosen as a 32． spot. I put the 33． on the table and laid my hand on the short man's cold hand. He looked up at me with tears in his eyes, and said, "Thank you."
When I sat down, my husband smiled at me and said, "That is 34． God gave you to me, honey—to give me hope." We held hands for a moment and at that time, me knew that we were not church goers but we were believers. That short man's smile 35． me the pure Light of God.
21．A．wasting B．sharing C．saving D．earning
22．A．waiting B．refusing C．regretting D．hesitating
23．A．dangerous B．harmful C．horrible D．sweet
24．A．close B．related C．addicted D．attached
25．A．hair B．clothes C．eyes D．faces
26．A．books B．newspapers C．cards D．coins
27．A．gradually B．obviously C．officially D．suddenly
28．A．begged B．sold C．offered D．wanted
29．A．destroy B．employ C．afford D．observe
30．A．supermarket B．concert C．cinema D．restaurant
31．A．focused on B．stood for C．led to D．differed from
32．A．living B．working C．learning D．resting
33．A．meals B．wallets C．smartphones D．bills
34．A．what B．why C．how D．when
35．A．sent B．warned C．showed D．handed
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．C；26．D；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．D；31．A；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家人在快餐店麦当劳购餐时帮助无家可归人的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这只是我们和家人分享玩耍时间的方式。A. wasting“浪费”；B. sharing“分享”；C. saving“保存”；D. earning“赚得”。根据上文“One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds.”可知，去麦当劳是作者和家人分享玩耍时间的方式。故选B。
22．句意：我们站成一排，等着供应，这时周围的人都开始往后退。A. waiting“等待”；B. refusing“拒绝”；C. regretting“遗憾”；D. hesitating“犹豫”。根据空前“We were standing in line,”可知，作者一家排队等待取餐。故选A。
23．句意：当我转过身，我闻到了一股可怕的气味。 A. dangerous“危险的”；B. harmful“有害的”；C. horrible“可怕的”；D. sweet“甜的”。根据上文“We were standing in line, ____2____ to be served when everyone around us began to back away.”可知，因为闻到了可怕的气味，所以人们纷纷退让。故选C。
24．句意：当我低头看着靠近我的那个矮个子男人时，他正在对我微笑。A. close“靠近的”；B. related“相关的”；C. addicted“沉溺的”；D. attached“附加的”。根据空后“he was smiling at me.”可知，矮个子男人离作者很靠近。故选A。
25．句意：他美丽的蓝眼睛里充满了上帝的光芒。A. hair“头发”；B. clothes“衣服”；C. eyes“眼睛”；D. faces“脸”。根据空前“His beautiful blue”和空后“full of God's Light”可知，矮个子男人眼睛是蓝色的。故选C。
26．句意：他一边数着手里的几枚硬币，一边说了声“你好”。 A. books“书”；B. newspapers“报纸”；C. cards“卡片”；D. coins“硬币”。根据下文“That was all he could ____9____.”可知，矮个子男人只能付得起咖啡的钱，所以手里拿的是硬币。故选D。
27．句意：我意识到第二个人显然是智障人士。A. gradually“逐渐地”；B. obviously“明显地”；C. officially“正式地”；D. suddenly“突然地”。根据上文“The second man was fumbling (摆平) with his hands, standing behind his friend and keeping laughing and talking to himself.”和常识可知，作者意识到第二个人明显是智障人士。故选B。
28．句意：柜台边的年轻女士问那个矮个男人想要什么。 A. begged“恳求”；B. sold“卖”；C. offered“提供”；D. wanted“想要”。根据下文“He said, ‘Coffee is all, Miss.’”可知，柜台服务员问矮个男人想要买什么。故选D。
29．句意：那是他所能负得起的。A. destroy“摧毁”；B. employ“雇佣”；C. afford“付得起”；D. observe“观察”。根据上文“He said ‘Good day’ as he counted the few 6 he had been holding.”可知，几枚硬币只能买得起一杯咖啡。故选C。
30．句意：为了在餐厅里坐着暖和暖和，他们得买些东西。 A. supermarket“超市”；B. concert“音乐会”；C. cinema“电影院”；D. restaurant“饭馆”。根据上文“One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds.”可知，两个无家可归的人是为了在餐厅里坐着暖和暖和，所以到麦当劳餐厅。故选D。
31．句意：就在这时，我注意到餐厅里所有的目光都集中在我身上。A. focused on“关注，集中”；B. stood for“代表”；C. led to“导致”；D. differed from“与……不同”。根据上文“We were standing in line, 2 to be served when everyone around us began to back away.”可知，其他顾客都纷纷退让，只剩下作者一人，所以其他人的目光都集中在作者身上。故选A。
32．句意：然后我走到那两个人选择的休息地点。A. living“生活”；B. working“工作”；C. learning“学习”；D. resting“休息”。根据空前“I then walked to the table”可知，作者把两份早餐送到两个无家可归人休息地点。故选D。
33．句意：我把食物放在桌子上，把手放在矮个子男人冰冷的手上。 A. meals“膳食”；B. wallets“钱包”；C. smartphones“智能手机”；D. bills“账单”。根据上文“I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfasts.”可知，作者把两份早餐送给两个无家可归人。故选A。
34．句意：当我坐下时，我的丈夫微笑着对我说：“这就是为什么上帝把你给了我，亲爱的——给我希望。”A. what“什么”；B. why“为什么”；C. how“怎么”；D. when“什么时候”。根据空后“God gave you to me”可知，丈夫说这是上帝把作者给了他的原因。That is why…“那就是为什么......”，连接副词why引导表语从句。故选B。
35．句意：那个矮个男人的微笑让我看到了上帝纯洁的光芒。 A. sent“派送”；B. warned“警告”；C. showed“展示”；D. handed“递交”。根据空前“That short man's smile”可知，矮个男人的微笑向作者展示了上帝的纯洁之光。故选C。
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world witnessed what was described 　36． 　"Chongqing speed" in people's united action in China's Chongqing that put out over 10 forest fires in less than 10 days.
On August 17, a historic heat wave caused forest fires 　37． 　 (break) out in the mountain city. Under the leadership of China's emergency management authorities, great efforts from firefighters, police and tens of thousands of volunteers 　38． 　 (pay) off and all open fires were completely put out on August 26.
In the following days, numerous stories, pictures and videos regarding this fire rescue 　39． 　(share) on China's social media. A video that showed a herringbone (人字形) of yellow flame of fire and a line of white light coming from the headlamps on the rescuers in the night view was　40． 　striking that it became 　41． 　instant hit.
　42． 　put out the fire was a "Great Human Wall" that was formed by the organization and support personnel under the mountain, the transport teams 　43． 　(deliver) materials along the way, and the firefighting troops on the mountain top.
Among them, Generation Z, classified as those born in the mid-90s to early 2000s, played a　44． 　(remarkable) important role in the whole rescue work. These young group rushed to the frontline of the fire scene without any hesitation, demonstrating the hope and strength of China's young generation with their bravery, wisdom and　45． 　(cooperate).
【答案】36．as；37．to break；38．paid；39．were shared；40．so；41．an；42．What；43．delivering；44．remarkably；45．cooperation
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了重庆山火期间，在中国各方人士的共同努力下，很快取得了成功，在10天之内扑灭了10多场山火，向世界展示了“重庆速度”，也展示了中国年青一代的希望和力量。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态语态，主谓一致，副词，冠词，主语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国重庆在不到10天的时间里扑灭了10多起森林大火，世界见证了被称为“重庆速度”的人们团结一致的行动。be described as固定短语，“被称为……”，故填as。
37．句意：8月17日，史无前例的热浪导致这座山城爆发森林大火。分析句子结构可知，cause sb. to do sth固定短语，“使……做某事，导致……”，不定式作宾补，故填to break。
38．句意：在中国应急管理部门的领导下，消防队员、警察和数万名志愿者的巨大努力得到了回报，所有明火于8月26日被完全扑灭。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，且描述的是这些人过去扑灭山火时的努力得到了回报，时态为一般过去时。短语pay off意为“取得成功，得到回报”时，为不及物动词短语，应用主动语态。故填paid。
39．句意：在接下来的几天里，大量关于这场火灾救援的故事、图片和视频在中国的社交媒体上被分享。分析句子结构可知，提示词share“分享”在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，该句讲述的是过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，且“故事，图片和视频”是被分享的，share要用被动语态，句子的主语stories, pictures and videos是复数，所以构成被动语态的be动词用were。故填were shared。
40．句意：一段视频展示了夜景中的人字形的黄色火焰和救援人员头灯中射出的一道白光，这段视频如此的引人注目以至于它迅速走红了。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入副词来修饰形容词striking“引人注目的，惊人的”。结合句意及that可知，此处考查so…that句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
41．句意：一段视频展示了夜景中的人字形的黄色火焰和救援人员头灯中射出的一道白光，这段视频如此的引人注目以至于它迅速走红了。分析句子结构可知，该句中的hit为名词。结合句意，hit在该句中意为“很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，是可数名词，以单数形式出现时，前要有冠词来限定，该句中是泛指，故用不定冠词，且instant是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词要用an。故填an。
42．句意：扑灭这场大火的是由山下的组织和保障人员、沿途运送物资的运输队、山顶的消防部队组成的“人墙”。分析句子结构可知，空格处用来引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。What引导名词性从句时，翻译比较灵活，可翻译为“……的人/事物”，且可作主语、宾语、表语，符合题意。故填What。
43．句意：扑灭这场大火的是由山下的组织和保障人员、沿途运送物资的运输队、山顶的消防部队组成的“人墙”。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作名词teams的定语，且teams“队伍”与deliver“运送”为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填delivering。
44．句意：其中，90年代中期到21世纪初期初出生的Z世代在整个救援工作中发挥了非常重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用副词来修饰形容词important。提示词remarkable为形容词，意为“引人注目的，非凡的”，其副词变形为remarkably。故填remarkably。
45．句意：这些年轻人毫不犹豫地冲向火灾现场的第一线，用他们的勇敢、智慧和合作展示了中国年轻一代的希望和力量。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入名词与bravery, wisdom“勇敢，智慧”作并列宾语。提示词cooperate为动词，意为“合作”，其名词变形为cooperation，且为不可数名词。故填cooperation。
五、写作(满分40分)
46．（2023高二下·定远开学考）适逢第38届教师节之际，你校英文报开展"敬师长谢师恩"的征稿活动，请你以"My admirable
teacher"为主题写一则征文启事，内容包括:
1）比赛目的；2）参赛要求；3）呼吁参加。
注意：1）词数80左右；2）可以适当增添细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Contribution Wanted
With the purpose of celebrating the 38th Teachers' Day, our school English newspaper is calling for contributions of "Respect Teachers and Thank Teachers". It is all the students in our school that are welcome to write your compositions to us. You can write your compositions in the form of story, essay or poem, the title of which should be "My admirable teacher". Of course, your compositions may be sent to us by posting or by e-mail before September 7.
We are looking forward to your joining us. If your compositions are adopted, you are sure to get rich contribution fee.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以"My admirable teacher"为主题写一则征文启事。写作背景：适逢第38届教师节之际，你校英文报开展"敬师长谢师恩"的征稿活动 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1）比赛目的；2）参赛要求；3）呼吁参加。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： It is all the students in our school that are welcome to write your compositions to us. 运用了强调句；You can write your compositions in the form of story, essay or poem, the title of which should be "My admirable teacher". 运用了非限制性定语从句；Of course, your compositions may be sent to us by posting or by e-mail before September 7.运用了被动语态；If your compositions are adopted, you are sure to get rich contribution fee.运用了条件状语从句。
47．（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Marco was a
boy, he tried
everything to get his father's love and attention. He worked hard to earn
exceptional marks; he tried to be
obedient, he chose inspiring
friends and always tried to behave well. However, it felt to Marco
that his father had little time for him. Except for his demands around chores
after school, communication was
nonexistent. It seemed to Marco the only time his dad ever spoke to him was to
be demanding or critical. Marco sank further into his low self-esteem and was
overwhelmed with feeling unappreciated, inadequate and
depressed.
One day his father, already tired
after a long day, tripped over
Marco's bike in the garage. The angry quarrel that followed left Marco feeling
grieved. It seemed no matter how hard he tried he could never do anything
right. In despair Marco blurted out, "That's it!
It's enough!"
For two days, Marco felt so
miserable. All he could think of was wanting to leave this enormous pain, those overwhelming
feelings of rejection and unworthiness.
Two days later, his aunt called
him. To Marco, this seemed like a
miracle. Aunt Ginette usually only called once a year, on his birthday.
She said she had just seen some young teenagers participate in a public
speaking contest called Gala Personnalité sponsored by Club Optimiste—and she thought
about him. She thought he should give it a try. She told him she firmly
believed he could perform on stage like the other kids, since she had seen
him perform for the family at Christmas.
Marco was startled, and not a little
taken aback. Him Onstage In a public
speaking contest To agree would be
contrary to his entire shy, timid personality.
But Aunt Ginette was so confident. She seemed really serious. She was sure it
was something he could do. She truly believed in him.
注意:
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2）续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Feeling her strong
belief, Marco agreed to
enter the contest.
Paragraph 2:
Four months later, the big night
arrived.
【答案】 Feeling her strong belief, Marco agreed to enter the contest. The first thing in his mind was to determine a proper topic and supporting details. His Chinese teacher offered to help him and gave him some good advice. Then followed the repeated practice. Every morning he would get up very early and speak to a mirror to check whether everything is in its proper place. After several weeks' practice, Marco became quite confident and couldn't wait for the speaking contest.
Four months later, the big night arrived. Standing before an audience of hundreds for the first time, Marco felt extremely nervous and unexpectedly made a grammar mistake. He was frustrated and decided to give up. But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father's fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on. Thunderous applause and the announcement that he won the first place made Marco cry. After the contest, He wrote in his diary: "Believe in yourself, be thankful to the one who believes in you and accept the one who don't understand you."
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者从不被父亲认可导致缺乏自信到被姑妈鼓励参加演讲比赛，获得自信的过程。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“感受到了她强烈的信任，Marco 决定报名参加比赛。”可知，第一段可描写作者在姑妈的信任之下，满怀热情地准备比赛的过程。②由第二段首句内容“四个月后，那个意义重大的夜晚到来了。”可知，第二段可描写作者登台演讲，获得成功并找到自信。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：The first thing in his mind was to determine a proper topic and supporting details.运用了不定式作表语； Every morning he would get up very early and speak to a mirror to check whether everything is in its proper place. 运用了宾语从句； But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father's fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on. 运用了时间状语从句；Thunderous applause and the announcement that he won the first place made Marco cry.运用了同位语从句； Believe in yourself, be thankful to the one who believes in you and accept the one who don't understand you.运用了祈使句，限制性定语从句。
安徽省滁州市定远县育才学校2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高二上·成都期末）阅读理解
The
world's most breathtaking clifftop hotels
Angama Mara, Kenya
Perched 1, 000 feet above the Maasai Mara,
Angama Mara is on the edge of the Great Rift Valley. The site served as a
location for the 1985 film "Out of Africa." Guests can expect
top-quality game viewing, including Africa's Big Five, every month of the year,
both on game drives and on walking safaris. Amenities include a photography
studio, fitness center, an art gallery, a 40-foot-long swimming pool and a
studio.
Angama Mara: Suswa Mara Triangle, Kenya; +254
730 630630
Monastero Santa Rosa Hotel & Spa, Amalfi
Coast, Italy
Formerly a monastery dating back to the 17th
century, the family-run Monastero Santa Rosa clings to the side of a cliff
overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea and Gulf of Salerno. With 20 rooms, it has an
infinity pool, five tiers of landscaped gardens and a Michelin-starred
restaurant. The spa is the best on the Amalfi Coast and features treatments
using local herbs and plants.
Monastero Santa Rosa Hote1& Spa: Via Roma,
2, 84010 Conca dei Marini SA, Italy; +39 089 832 1199
Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort, AI Jabal
Al Akhdar, Nizwa, Oman
Towering 6, 000 feet above sea level on the
curving rim of a canyon, Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar overlooks Oman's
mountainous landscape. It's an area that Prince Charles and the late Diana,
Princess of Wales, visited in 1986. The resort has 115 rooms, a cliff-edge
infinity pool, six restaurants and lounges and a spa. Guests can hike through
valleys, mountain bike or visit ancient mountainside villages and nearby
historic sites.
Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort: No 110, Al
Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa 621, Oman; +968 25 218000
1．Where will you go if you are interested in walking safaris
A．Suswa Mara Triangle, Kenya.
B．Tyrrhenian Sea and Gulf of Salerno.
C．No 110, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa 621, Oman.
D．Via Roma, 2, 84010 Conca dei Marini SA, Italy.
2．What do the three hotels have in common
A．Each of the three hotels has a large pool.
B．Each of the three hotels has an art gallery.
C．All of the three hotels are visited by Prince and Princess.
D．All of the three hotels are famous for the spa using herbs.
3．Where does the passage most likely come from
A．A fiction. B．A textbook.
C．A history book. D．A tourist guidebook.
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
It was a cold Saturday night in February. Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl, who had touched down in the park the week before in what was reported as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years.
Except for a few excited screams from children, people were quiet—patiently awaiting the owl's arrival at the reservoir's north gatehouse. The snowy owl did not disappoint. She flew down from the darkness and surveyed the water and the people holding phones and cameras before taking off into the night to the applause of her many fans. They simply wanted to see this lovely creature whose improbable appearance seemed to signify hope after the lockdown
New Yorkers who had long taken Central Park for granted felt a renewed love for this rectangle of green in the heart of the big city and, of course, its amazing wildlife. That the park is a beautiful and essential refuge is something that humans have only come to fully appreciate during these recent times of uncertainty.
Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation's history—in the years before and during the American Civil War. Unlike many European parks that had originally been built for the aristocracy (贵族), Central Park was designed as a public space. In its chief architect Frederick Law Olmsted's words, the poor and rich alike could "easily go there after their day's work is done" and "stroll for an hour, seeing, hearing, and feeling nothing of the noise of the streets."
As spring turns into summer, we see people sitting on the grass or benches—catching some sun, having family picnics, or tapping away on their laptops and iPads. Just being other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community—the sense that we would somehow persevere.
4．What did people do in Central Park on that Saturday night
A．They cheered for each other. B．They paid their first visit.
C．They came for a rare sight. D．They appreciated a water event.
5．What does the author mainly intend to do in Paragraph 4
A．Give some examples. B．Make a comparison.
C．Introduce a new opinion. D．Add background information.
6．What do the underlined words "in proximity to" in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Close to. B．Free from.
C．At a distance from. D．In comparison with.
7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Find Refuge in Central Park.
B．Take Your Breath by Snow Owl.
C．Trace Central Park to difficult times.
D．Meet an improbable "visitor" in person.
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
A new study combining linguistic,
genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of
languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the
people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who
inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9, 000 years ago.
The findings
detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of
millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages
across an area stretching more than 8, 000 kilometers.
The findings
illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered
the movements of some of the world's major language families. Millet was an
important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.
There are 98
Transeurasian languages. This language family's beginnings were traced to
millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area including parts of the Chinese
provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers
moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west
into Siberia and east into Korea and over the sea to Japan over thousands of
years.
The research
stressed the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures.
"Accepting
that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present
national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are
not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets,
lead author of the study published in the journal Nature.
"Powerful
nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one
language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth is that all
languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed,"
Robbeets added.
The origins of
modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion, with
millet also involved. While the ancestors of the Transeurasian languages grew
millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language
family farmed millet at roughly the same time in China's Yellow River region,
paving the way for a separate language expansion.
8．What is the new study mainly about
A．The migration routes of millet farmers.
B．The ancient origins of a large language family.
C．The different ancestries of Transeurasian speakers.
D．The shared features of some neighboring languages.
9．What fueled the spread of Transeurasian languages
A．The transition of power. B．The diversity of lifestyles.
C．The interaction of cultures. D．The adoption of farming.
10．According to Robbeets, who may feel uncomfortable about the new findings
A．Those from agricultural countries.
B．Those who deny their cultural identity.
C．Those with a strong sense of nationalism.
D．Those who are afraid to cross boundaries.
11．What is the main function of the last paragraph
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To present likely consequences.
C．To highlight the theme. D．To offer additional information.
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读理解
A "secretive" new species of
frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Western Ghat mountain
range. Named the starry dwarf frog after the markings on its dark brown back, it is just 2
centimeters long.
The frog, whose closest
relatives are a group of species native to India and Sri Linka, is the only member
of an ancient lineage (血统) dating back to
millions of years ago, according to
researchers from India and the US. It is unclear whether the species is
descended from African or Asian frogs.
A group of Indian
and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as
part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes
in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study. Genetic
testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and
other features has shown that it doesn't match any existing species.
Kartik Shanker of
the Indian Institute of Science, who helped design
the study, says while it is
common to find new frogs in India, this one needs to
be noticed. "This particular species not just is a new species, but also belongs
to a new genus (属), and that makes it
a little more special, " says
Shanker.
The number of
known species of frog identified in India has climbed from around 200 to above
400 over the past two decades. While many species new to science are frequently
immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to
say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened. "They are very secretive," says
Shanker, adding that the
team didn't know the size of its population. The frog is active at night and
lives near water.
Habitat loss is a
serious risk to frogs in tropical forests around the world, alongside threats
such as a deadly fungus (真菌) that has been
killing off amphibians (两栖动物) for the past four
decades. But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will
enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．The species was discovered by tourists.
B．The species was found in a rich region.
C．The species was finally set free.
D．The species was further studied.
13．What can we say about the new frog
A．It is in small quantities.
B．It is an endangered species.
C．It is well worth attention.
D．It is related to African or Asian frogs.
14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Habitat loss is the chief threat to frogs.
B．The new species may face less dangers.
C．Tropical forests in India are all under protection.
D．The Indian government determines to save frogs.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A rare frog species protected in India
B．A rise in species of frog seen in India
C．A secretive frog species discovered in India
D．A risk of habitat loss for frogs removed in India
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Holidays and stress seem to go hand in hand. To cope, many people often steal hours from their sleep to pack in all the cooking, shopping, parties and family time. 　16． 　. Try these sleep expert tips to prevent from ruining slumber during the holidays.
Be careful with excess food
　17． 　. However, eating smaller portions and taking breaks to check in with your body on how full you are can help. This seems cruel especially when a delicious meal is right in front of you, but this tip can help reduce your feelings of sleepiness. Besides, try replacing the sugary and fatty foods on your holiday plate with more unprocessed, fiber-rich foods.
　18． 　
Many people look forward to that holiday nap, and often point to the turkey as the cause. In fact, you'd have to eat about 8 pounds for turkey to have an effect. Instead, it's the rich, processed foods, such as candied sweet potatoes or pecan pie, that are making you feel tired　19． 　.
Watch for depression
If you suffer from anxiety, depression or seasonal affective disorder (a condition that causes sadness when there's less daylight）, watching your sleep is key. Depression and sleep are linked. 　20． 　Calming strategies can include a relaxing transition before going to sleep in which you could take a bath, meditate or listen to soothing music.
A. Be strategic with naps
B. Watch your alcohol intake
C. Another effective strategy is regular exercise
D. If you do decide to have a nap, be sure not to do it too soon after eating
E. Eating large, heavy meals causes the body to work harder to digest the foods
F. Poor sleep can damage our mood, and depression can lead to unhealthy sleep
G. But even a night or two of short sleep can have short term effects on your health and mood
三、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2023高二下·定远开学考）完形填空
One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds. It was just our way of 21． play time with our family. We were standing in line, 22． to be served when everyone around us began to back away.
As I turned around, I smelled a 23． smell. Standing behind me were two homeless men. As I looked down at the short man 24． to me, he was smiling at me. His beautiful blue 25． were full of God's Light. He said "Good day" as he counted the few 26． he had been holding. The second man was fumbling (摆平) with his hands, standing behind his friend and keeping laughing and talking to himself. I realized the second man was 27． mentally (精神上) disabled. The young lady at the counter asked the short man what he 28． . He said, "Coffee is all, Miss. " That was all he could 29． . To sit in the 30． and warm up, they had to buy something.
Just then, I noticed all eyes in the restaurant 31． me. I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfasts. I then walked to the table that the two men had chosen as a 32． spot. I put the 33． on the table and laid my hand on the short man's cold hand. He looked up at me with tears in his eyes, and said, "Thank you."
When I sat down, my husband smiled at me and said, "That is 34． God gave you to me, honey—to give me hope." We held hands for a moment and at that time, me knew that we were not church goers but we were believers. That short man's smile 35． me the pure Light of God.
21．A．wasting B．sharing C．saving D．earning
22．A．waiting B．refusing C．regretting D．hesitating
23．A．dangerous B．harmful C．horrible D．sweet
24．A．close B．related C．addicted D．attached
25．A．hair B．clothes C．eyes D．faces
26．A．books B．newspapers C．cards D．coins
27．A．gradually B．obviously C．officially D．suddenly
28．A．begged B．sold C．offered D．wanted
29．A．destroy B．employ C．afford D．observe
30．A．supermarket B．concert C．cinema D．restaurant
31．A．focused on B．stood for C．led to D．differed from
32．A．living B．working C．learning D．resting
33．A．meals B．wallets C．smartphones D．bills
34．A．what B．why C．how D．when
35．A．sent B．warned C．showed D．handed
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world witnessed what was described 　36． 　"Chongqing speed" in people's united action in China's Chongqing that put out over 10 forest fires in less than 10 days.
On August 17, a historic heat wave caused forest fires 　37． 　 (break) out in the mountain city. Under the leadership of China's emergency management authorities, great efforts from firefighters, police and tens of thousands of volunteers 　38． 　 (pay) off and all open fires were completely put out on August 26.
In the following days, numerous stories, pictures and videos regarding this fire rescue 　39． 　(share) on China's social media. A video that showed a herringbone (人字形) of yellow flame of fire and a line of white light coming from the headlamps on the rescuers in the night view was　40． 　striking that it became 　41． 　instant hit.
　42． 　put out the fire was a "Great Human Wall" that was formed by the organization and support personnel under the mountain, the transport teams 　43． 　(deliver) materials along the way, and the firefighting troops on the mountain top.
Among them, Generation Z, classified as those born in the mid-90s to early 2000s, played a　44． 　(remarkable) important role in the whole rescue work. These young group rushed to the frontline of the fire scene without any hesitation, demonstrating the hope and strength of China's young generation with their bravery, wisdom and　45． 　(cooperate).
五、写作(满分40分)
46．（2023高二下·定远开学考）适逢第38届教师节之际，你校英文报开展"敬师长谢师恩"的征稿活动，请你以"My admirable
teacher"为主题写一则征文启事，内容包括:
1）比赛目的；2）参赛要求；3）呼吁参加。
注意：1）词数80左右；2）可以适当增添细节，以使行文连贯。
47．（2023高二下·定远开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Marco was a
boy, he tried
everything to get his father's love and attention. He worked hard to earn
exceptional marks; he tried to be
obedient, he chose inspiring
friends and always tried to behave well. However, it felt to Marco
that his father had little time for him. Except for his demands around chores
after school, communication was
nonexistent. It seemed to Marco the only time his dad ever spoke to him was to
be demanding or critical. Marco sank further into his low self-esteem and was
overwhelmed with feeling unappreciated, inadequate and
depressed.
One day his father, already tired
after a long day, tripped over
Marco's bike in the garage. The angry quarrel that followed left Marco feeling
grieved. It seemed no matter how hard he tried he could never do anything
right. In despair Marco blurted out, "That's it!
It's enough!"
For two days, Marco felt so
miserable. All he could think of was wanting to leave this enormous pain, those overwhelming
feelings of rejection and unworthiness.
Two days later, his aunt called
him. To Marco, this seemed like a
miracle. Aunt Ginette usually only called once a year, on his birthday.
She said she had just seen some young teenagers participate in a public
speaking contest called Gala Personnalité sponsored by Club Optimiste—and she thought
about him. She thought he should give it a try. She told him she firmly
believed he could perform on stage like the other kids, since she had seen
him perform for the family at Christmas.
Marco was startled, and not a little
taken aback. Him Onstage In a public
speaking contest To agree would be
contrary to his entire shy, timid personality.
But Aunt Ginette was so confident. She seemed really serious. She was sure it
was something he could do. She truly believed in him.
注意:
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2）续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Feeling her strong
belief, Marco agreed to
enter the contest.
Paragraph 2:
Four months later, the big night
arrived.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．A
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界上最惊险的悬崖酒店。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Angama Mara, Kenya 部分中的"Guests can expect top-quality game viewing, including Africa＇s Big Five, every month of the year, both on game drives and on walking safaris"一年中的每个月，无论是在游戏车上还是在徒步旅行中，游客都可以期待高质量的游戏观赏，包括非洲五大游戏。可知如果你对徒步旅行感兴趣，你会去Angama Mara, Kenya ，故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据Angama Mara, Kenya 部分中的＂a 40-foot-long swimming pool＂一个40英尺长的游泳池和一个工作室； Monastero Santa Rosa Hotel ＆ Spa, Amalfi Coast, Italy 部分中的"it has an infinity pool"它有一个无限大的游泳池；以及 Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa, Oman 部分中的"a cliff-edge infinity pool"悬崖边的无边泳池。可知这三家酒店的共同点是都有一个大型游泳池，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了世界上最惊险的悬崖酒店，文章最有可能出自旅游指南， 故选D。
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．A
7．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以200名纽约人在水库观赏神奇雪鸮为开头，引出文章的主题中央公园。揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Some 200 New Yorkers carefully made their way to the reservoir (水库) in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the magical snowy owl.”200名纽约人小心翼翼地来到水库，希望能一睹这只神奇的雪鸮的模样；以及“as the first visit there by the species in more than 130 years.”该物种130多年来首次来到这里。可知，人们在周六的晚上来到中心公园主要了是观看一只130多年来首次来到这里的雪鸮。故选C。
5．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Central Park was originally planned and constructed during another difficult time in the nation's history—in the years before and during the American Civil War.”中央公园最初是在美国历史上的另一个艰难时期——美国内战前和内战期间——规划和建造的。可知，第四段交代了中央公园建设的特殊历史时期，为文章讲述中央公园交代了历史背景。故选D。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“gave us a sense of community — the sense that we would somehow persevere.”给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。可知，句中的community意为“归属感”，只有人们之间近距离接触的时候才会有归属感，A选项意为“接近”，符合题意。故选A。
7．考查主旨大意。根据全文可知，揭示了长期以来，纽约人一直把中央公园视为城市的中心，更是神奇野生动物的家园。同时交代了中央公园建设的历史背景，不论是战争年代，还是和平年代，中央公园已然成为了纽约人的归属感的代表和象征；以及根据最后一段中的“Just being in proximity to other people in Central Park gave us a sense of community—the sense that we would somehow persevere.”在中央公园和其他人近距离接触给了我们一种归属的感觉——一种我们会以某种方式坚持下去的感觉。可知，人们在中央公园中能够找到人们坚持下去的归属感。表明中央公园为纽约人提供了精神慰藉。“在中央公园找寻慰藉”适合做文章标题。故选A。
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了发表在《自然》期刊上的一项最新研究发现，包括日语，韩语，土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前的中国东北。农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago”一项结合语言学、遗传学和考古学证据的新研究追溯了现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等语言家族的起源，以及与居住在中国东北地区约 9000 年前的黍农民说这些语言的人。可知，第一段主要讲了一支大语族的古代起源。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段指代“The findings illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world's major language families.”研究结果说明了人类在冰河时代之后对农业的接受如何推动了世界上一些主要语系的运动。可知，是农业推动了世界主要语系的发展。故选D。
10．考查推理判断。根据第六段指代“Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make,”接受一个人的语言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的国界是一种身份的放弃，有些人还没有准备好。可知，他认为承认自己的语言，文化或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四个选项中强烈的民族主义者比较符合这个群体画像。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段指代“The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion,”现代汉语的起源以类似的方式独立出现。可知，最后一段主要讲了现代汉语的起源，从最后一段可知汉藏语系和泛欧亚语系是独立的。而前文主要探讨的是泛欧亚语系，所以这里是补充额外信息。故选D。
【答案】12．D
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种在印度发现的新青蛙品种。通过研究它的种种特征表明，它不同于现有的青蛙种类，而是一种新的特别的属类，并且目前尚不明确它是否属于濒危物种。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“A group of Indian and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study.”一组印度和美国的研究人员首次发现了隐藏在落叶中的本地物种，这是一个更广泛的项目的一部分，该项目旨在在这个生物多样性丰富的地区寻找新的青蛙、蜥蜴和蛇，并将其储存在一个罐子中供以后研究；以及“Genetic testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and other features has shown that it doesn’t match any existing species.”基因测试和对它的形状、颜色和其他特征的仔细观察表明，它与现有的任何物种都不匹配。可知，新发现的青蛙被装在罐子里进行了基因测试、颜色、形状及等其他特征的进一步研究。故选D。
13．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“While many species new to science are frequently immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened.” 虽然许多科学上的新物种经常立即被归类为濒危物种，但现在说星矮蛙是否受到威胁还为时过早；以及“‘They are very secretive,’ says Shanker, adding that the team didn't know the size of its population. ”“它们非常神秘”，Shanker说，并补充说研究团队不知道它们的数量。可知，新物种常备归类为濒危物种，而且这种新青蛙的数量是未知的，所以他们值得特别的关注。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.” 但这个新物种是在一片保护区发现的，这意味着它将受到印度政府机构的一定程度的保护。可知，这种新青蛙物种正在受政府保护，因此它面临的危险可能更小。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A ‘secretive’ new species of frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Western Ghat mountain range.”在印度西高特山脉的森林地面上发现了一种“神秘的”青蛙新品种。可知整篇文章介绍一种新被发现的青蛙品种。“在印度发现的一种神秘的青蛙”作为标题可以概括全文主旨。故选C。
【答案】16．G；17．E；18．A；19．D；20．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了防止你在假期里破坏睡眠的一些建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Holidays and stress seem to go hand in hand. To cope, many people often steal hours from their sleep to pack in all the cooking, shopping, parties and family time.”假期和压力似乎是形影不离的。为了应对这种情况，许多人经常从睡眠中抽出几个小时来做饭、购物、参加聚会和与家人共度时光。可知许多人牺牲睡眠时间来做其他事；以及空后“Try these sleep expert tips to prevent from ruining slumber during the holidays.”试试下面这些睡眠专家的建议，防止你在假期里破坏睡眠。而后句提到专家给出建议，故可推知空格处应指出牺牲睡眠来做其他事对健康产生不好的影响。G.But even a night or two of short sleep can have short term effects on your health and mood.“但即使是一两个晚上的睡眠不足也会对你的健康和情绪产生短期影响。”起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境，故选G。
17．根据本段小标题“Be careful with excess food”小心过量的食物；以及空后“However, Eating smaller portions and taking breaks to check in with your body on how full you are can help.”然而，少吃一点，休息一下，检查一下你的身体，看看你有多饱会有所帮助。可推知，上一句应描述Eating large的坏处。E. Eating large, heavy meals causes the body to work harder to digest the foods.“吃大餐会使身体更加努力地消化食物。”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E。
18．根据空后“Many people look forward to that holiday nap, and often point to the turkey as the cause.”许多人都期待着假日的小憩，并经常把火鸡作为原因。可知本段主要讲的是和nap有关。 A. Be strategic with naps “午睡要有策略。”总结该段内容，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前“Instead, it's the rich, processed foods, such as candied sweet potatoes or pecan pie, that are making you feel tired.”相反，是丰富的加工食品，如蜜饯红薯或山核桃派，让你感到疲劳。提出是因为吃的太多影响小睡。D. If you do decide to have a nap, be sure not to do it too soon after eating.“如果你决定小睡一会儿，一定不要在刚吃完饭的时候小睡。”为给出的建议，也是对上文内容的总结。上下文语意连贯。故选D。
20．根据本段小标题“ Watch for depression ”注意抑郁症；以及空前“Depression and sleep are linked.”抑郁和睡眠有联系。可推知，本空应描述睡眠和心情的关系。F. Poor sleep can damage our mood, and depression can lead to unhealthy sleep.“睡眠不好会损害我们的情绪，而抑郁会导致不健康的睡眠。”为描述睡眠和心情的关系，也是对上文内容的解释，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．C；26．D；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．D；31．A；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家人在快餐店麦当劳购餐时帮助无家可归人的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这只是我们和家人分享玩耍时间的方式。A. wasting“浪费”；B. sharing“分享”；C. saving“保存”；D. earning“赚得”。根据上文“One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds.”可知，去麦当劳是作者和家人分享玩耍时间的方式。故选B。
22．句意：我们站成一排，等着供应，这时周围的人都开始往后退。A. waiting“等待”；B. refusing“拒绝”；C. regretting“遗憾”；D. hesitating“犹豫”。根据空前“We were standing in line,”可知，作者一家排队等待取餐。故选A。
23．句意：当我转过身，我闻到了一股可怕的气味。 A. dangerous“危险的”；B. harmful“有害的”；C. horrible“可怕的”；D. sweet“甜的”。根据上文“We were standing in line, ____2____ to be served when everyone around us began to back away.”可知，因为闻到了可怕的气味，所以人们纷纷退让。故选C。
24．句意：当我低头看着靠近我的那个矮个子男人时，他正在对我微笑。A. close“靠近的”；B. related“相关的”；C. addicted“沉溺的”；D. attached“附加的”。根据空后“he was smiling at me.”可知，矮个子男人离作者很靠近。故选A。
25．句意：他美丽的蓝眼睛里充满了上帝的光芒。A. hair“头发”；B. clothes“衣服”；C. eyes“眼睛”；D. faces“脸”。根据空前“His beautiful blue”和空后“full of God's Light”可知，矮个子男人眼睛是蓝色的。故选C。
26．句意：他一边数着手里的几枚硬币，一边说了声“你好”。 A. books“书”；B. newspapers“报纸”；C. cards“卡片”；D. coins“硬币”。根据下文“That was all he could ____9____.”可知，矮个子男人只能付得起咖啡的钱，所以手里拿的是硬币。故选D。
27．句意：我意识到第二个人显然是智障人士。A. gradually“逐渐地”；B. obviously“明显地”；C. officially“正式地”；D. suddenly“突然地”。根据上文“The second man was fumbling (摆平) with his hands, standing behind his friend and keeping laughing and talking to himself.”和常识可知，作者意识到第二个人明显是智障人士。故选B。
28．句意：柜台边的年轻女士问那个矮个男人想要什么。 A. begged“恳求”；B. sold“卖”；C. offered“提供”；D. wanted“想要”。根据下文“He said, ‘Coffee is all, Miss.’”可知，柜台服务员问矮个男人想要买什么。故选D。
29．句意：那是他所能负得起的。A. destroy“摧毁”；B. employ“雇佣”；C. afford“付得起”；D. observe“观察”。根据上文“He said ‘Good day’ as he counted the few 6 he had been holding.”可知，几枚硬币只能买得起一杯咖啡。故选C。
30．句意：为了在餐厅里坐着暖和暖和，他们得买些东西。 A. supermarket“超市”；B. concert“音乐会”；C. cinema“电影院”；D. restaurant“饭馆”。根据上文“One March morning, my husband, my children and I went out to McDonalds.”可知，两个无家可归的人是为了在餐厅里坐着暖和暖和，所以到麦当劳餐厅。故选D。
31．句意：就在这时，我注意到餐厅里所有的目光都集中在我身上。A. focused on“关注，集中”；B. stood for“代表”；C. led to“导致”；D. differed from“与……不同”。根据上文“We were standing in line, 2 to be served when everyone around us began to back away.”可知，其他顾客都纷纷退让，只剩下作者一人，所以其他人的目光都集中在作者身上。故选A。
32．句意：然后我走到那两个人选择的休息地点。A. living“生活”；B. working“工作”；C. learning“学习”；D. resting“休息”。根据空前“I then walked to the table”可知，作者把两份早餐送到两个无家可归人休息地点。故选D。
33．句意：我把食物放在桌子上，把手放在矮个子男人冰冷的手上。 A. meals“膳食”；B. wallets“钱包”；C. smartphones“智能手机”；D. bills“账单”。根据上文“I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfasts.”可知，作者把两份早餐送给两个无家可归人。故选A。
34．句意：当我坐下时，我的丈夫微笑着对我说：“这就是为什么上帝把你给了我，亲爱的——给我希望。”A. what“什么”；B. why“为什么”；C. how“怎么”；D. when“什么时候”。根据空后“God gave you to me”可知，丈夫说这是上帝把作者给了他的原因。That is why…“那就是为什么......”，连接副词why引导表语从句。故选B。
35．句意：那个矮个男人的微笑让我看到了上帝纯洁的光芒。 A. sent“派送”；B. warned“警告”；C. showed“展示”；D. handed“递交”。根据空前“That short man's smile”可知，矮个男人的微笑向作者展示了上帝的纯洁之光。故选C。
【答案】36．as；37．to break；38．paid；39．were shared；40．so；41．an；42．What；43．delivering；44．remarkably；45．cooperation
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了重庆山火期间，在中国各方人士的共同努力下，很快取得了成功，在10天之内扑灭了10多场山火，向世界展示了“重庆速度”，也展示了中国年青一代的希望和力量。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态语态，主谓一致，副词，冠词，主语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国重庆在不到10天的时间里扑灭了10多起森林大火，世界见证了被称为“重庆速度”的人们团结一致的行动。be described as固定短语，“被称为……”，故填as。
37．句意：8月17日，史无前例的热浪导致这座山城爆发森林大火。分析句子结构可知，cause sb. to do sth固定短语，“使……做某事，导致……”，不定式作宾补，故填to break。
38．句意：在中国应急管理部门的领导下，消防队员、警察和数万名志愿者的巨大努力得到了回报，所有明火于8月26日被完全扑灭。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，且描述的是这些人过去扑灭山火时的努力得到了回报，时态为一般过去时。短语pay off意为“取得成功，得到回报”时，为不及物动词短语，应用主动语态。故填paid。
39．句意：在接下来的几天里，大量关于这场火灾救援的故事、图片和视频在中国的社交媒体上被分享。分析句子结构可知，提示词share“分享”在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，该句讲述的是过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，且“故事，图片和视频”是被分享的，share要用被动语态，句子的主语stories, pictures and videos是复数，所以构成被动语态的be动词用were。故填were shared。
40．句意：一段视频展示了夜景中的人字形的黄色火焰和救援人员头灯中射出的一道白光，这段视频如此的引人注目以至于它迅速走红了。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入副词来修饰形容词striking“引人注目的，惊人的”。结合句意及that可知，此处考查so…that句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
41．句意：一段视频展示了夜景中的人字形的黄色火焰和救援人员头灯中射出的一道白光，这段视频如此的引人注目以至于它迅速走红了。分析句子结构可知，该句中的hit为名词。结合句意，hit在该句中意为“很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，是可数名词，以单数形式出现时，前要有冠词来限定，该句中是泛指，故用不定冠词，且instant是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词要用an。故填an。
42．句意：扑灭这场大火的是由山下的组织和保障人员、沿途运送物资的运输队、山顶的消防部队组成的“人墙”。分析句子结构可知，空格处用来引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。What引导名词性从句时，翻译比较灵活，可翻译为“……的人/事物”，且可作主语、宾语、表语，符合题意。故填What。
43．句意：扑灭这场大火的是由山下的组织和保障人员、沿途运送物资的运输队、山顶的消防部队组成的“人墙”。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作名词teams的定语，且teams“队伍”与deliver“运送”为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填delivering。
44．句意：其中，90年代中期到21世纪初期初出生的Z世代在整个救援工作中发挥了非常重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用副词来修饰形容词important。提示词remarkable为形容词，意为“引人注目的，非凡的”，其副词变形为remarkably。故填remarkably。
45．句意：这些年轻人毫不犹豫地冲向火灾现场的第一线，用他们的勇敢、智慧和合作展示了中国年轻一代的希望和力量。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入名词与bravery, wisdom“勇敢，智慧”作并列宾语。提示词cooperate为动词，意为“合作”，其名词变形为cooperation，且为不可数名词。故填cooperation。
46．【答案】Contribution Wanted
With the purpose of celebrating the 38th Teachers' Day, our school English newspaper is calling for contributions of "Respect Teachers and Thank Teachers". It is all the students in our school that are welcome to write your compositions to us. You can write your compositions in the form of story, essay or poem, the title of which should be "My admirable teacher". Of course, your compositions may be sent to us by posting or by e-mail before September 7.
We are looking forward to your joining us. If your compositions are adopted, you are sure to get rich contribution fee.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以"My admirable teacher"为主题写一则征文启事。写作背景：适逢第38届教师节之际，你校英文报开展"敬师长谢师恩"的征稿活动 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1）比赛目的；2）参赛要求；3）呼吁参加。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： It is all the students in our school that are welcome to write your compositions to us. 运用了强调句；You can write your compositions in the form of story, essay or poem, the title of which should be "My admirable teacher". 运用了非限制性定语从句；Of course, your compositions may be sent to us by posting or by e-mail before September 7.运用了被动语态；If your compositions are adopted, you are sure to get rich contribution fee.运用了条件状语从句。
47．【答案】 Feeling her strong belief, Marco agreed to enter the contest. The first thing in his mind was to determine a proper topic and supporting details. His Chinese teacher offered to help him and gave him some good advice. Then followed the repeated practice. Every morning he would get up very early and speak to a mirror to check whether everything is in its proper place. After several weeks' practice, Marco became quite confident and couldn't wait for the speaking contest.
Four months later, the big night arrived. Standing before an audience of hundreds for the first time, Marco felt extremely nervous and unexpectedly made a grammar mistake. He was frustrated and decided to give up. But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father's fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on. Thunderous applause and the announcement that he won the first place made Marco cry. After the contest, He wrote in his diary: "Believe in yourself, be thankful to the one who believes in you and accept the one who don't understand you."
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者从不被父亲认可导致缺乏自信到被姑妈鼓励参加演讲比赛，获得自信的过程。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“感受到了她强烈的信任，Marco 决定报名参加比赛。”可知，第一段可描写作者在姑妈的信任之下，满怀热情地准备比赛的过程。②由第二段首句内容“四个月后，那个意义重大的夜晚到来了。”可知，第二段可描写作者登台演讲，获得成功并找到自信。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：The first thing in his mind was to determine a proper topic and supporting details.运用了不定式作表语； Every morning he would get up very early and speak to a mirror to check whether everything is in its proper place. 运用了宾语从句； But the moment he spotted his aunt and his father's fond but firm eyes, he gathered his courage and went on. 运用了时间状语从句；Thunderous applause and the announcement that he won the first place made Marco cry.运用了同位语从句； Believe in yourself, be thankful to the one who believes in you and accept the one who don't understand you.运用了祈使句，限制性定语从句。