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2024届衡水金卷先享题 调研卷(重庆专版)一数学试卷答案

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idndihichhwedtheirhousesandfurnitureshakingforseveraminedurngthLucyPreentofPeruhispopbrthrethtbridgemyhveclpnyodscohavebeenmgfirst-handandplentifTheheadofPeru'sNationalEmergencyOperationsCentersaidthedeathsofardiscoveredoccurredwhensubstitutedetroyedbykhhellonthistriersipeoperehavLucypltaisandtwgfirefightershavenpictureromYmhowingtheolaphousPowercutsweresheetsImfindamatnumberofAmazoniancities.EukeemothinginPeru,whichlienthePacific'so-caldRingfre,nreaeshellsandWhilmosoftheortken.mgntudetquakeledtoadeadlylandslidewhichoettheproduabout70,000people.Morerecently,500peoplediedduringasimilar-sizedquakenearLimain2007.15.What11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelargeearthquake?A.HA.Itcausedonlyonedeathasyet.B.Thevideosaboutitfrightenedpeople.C.TC.Itsepicenterwas160milesfromLima.D.ItknockeddownpowerlinesacrossPeru.16.Wha12.WhatdidthepresidentofPerudoduringthelargeearthquake?A.A.Hetoldhispeoplenottopanic.C.AB.Heintroducedthegeneralsituationofit.17.WhaC.Heencouragedpeopletogototheworst-hitarea.A.D.HesuggestedrebuildingthedamagedbridgequicklyB.13.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Therescuework.D.C.Thecurrentdamageoftheearthquake.B.Thesceneoftheearthquake.18.Wh14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?D.Thedeathsandinjuriesintheearthquake.AA.EarthquakesinPeruoftenleadtolandslides.B.MostearthquakeshappennearLimainPeru.C.C.EarthquakesinPerudon'tusuallykillmanypeople.D.D.EarthquakesarecommoninPeruduetoitslocation.【答案与【答案与解析】年本文介绍了秘鲁一次8.0级大地震的有关情况以及该国频繁发生地震的原因

没有危11.A根据第2段第1句和第4段第1句可知，这次地震目前仅造成一人死亡

15.C12.A根据第3段第1句可知，秘鲁总统在前往受灾最严重的地区之前让民众保持冷静16.D13.C根据第4段内容可知，本段主要讲述这次地震目前造成的伤亡以及对建筑物、电力等造成的破坏

17.B14.D根据最后一段可知，在秘鲁经常发生地震，因为它的地理位置特殊，处在环太平洋火山带上

【命象BA23-year-oldproductdesignstudentfromUniversityofSussex,LucyHughes,hastakeninspirationfromtheseas【银tofindasolutiontotheplasticpollution.Shehasinventedabioplasticcreatedfromfishskinandscales(andred18.Aalgae()whichcouldhaveahugeimpactonlimitingtheamountofnon-biodegradableplasticwaste.第三音Thenewly-developedmaterial,calledMarinaTex,canbreakdowninasoilenvironmentinfourtosixweeksandcanbedisposedofthroughordinaryfoodwastecollections.Itisalsocheapertoproduceandstrongerthanastandardplasticbag.toldr"I'mnotalone.Thereisagrowingcommunityofbioplasticpioneersworkingtowardsfindingalternativestoourreizenlianceonplastic."Luysaid.Wearetransformingawastestreamintothemaincomponentofanewproduct.Bydoingso,wehavecreatedaplastic-like'materialmoreplanet-friendlywithappropriatelifecycleforpackaging.Itdoesnotday￥giveoffpoisonsintothenaturalenvironment."HowBut◇金太阳AB创新卷·英语（滚动卷）◇2022.11.1117:47

分析（1）求导f′（x）=1+1nx，从而由导数的正负确定函数的单调性；
（2）构造函数F（x）=f（x）-g（x）=x•1nx-ax²+2ax-1，从而求导F′（x）=1+lnx-2ax+2a，F″（x）=$\frac{1}{x}$-2a，从而确定函数的最小值即可．

解答解：（1）∵f（x）=x•1nx，f′（x）=1+1nx，
故当x∈（0，$\frac{1}{e}$）时，f′（x）＜0；
当x∈（$\frac{1}{e}$，+∞）时，f′（x）＞0；
故f（x）的单调减区间为（0，$\frac{1}{e}$），
单调增区间为（$\frac{1}{e}$，+∞）；
（2）证明：令F（x）=f（x）-g（x）=x•1nx-ax²+2ax-1，
故F′（x）=1+lnx-2ax+2a，F″（x）=$\frac{1}{x}$-2a，
∵x∈[1，2]，a∈[1，2]，
∴F″（x）=$\frac{1}{x}$-2a＜0，
∴F′（x）在[1，2]上是减函数，
又∵F′（1）=1+0=1＞0，F′（2）=1+ln2-4a+2a=1+ln2-2a＜0，
∴F（x）在[1，2]上先增后减，
故F（x）的最小值在x=1或x=2上取得，
而F（1）=1ln1-a+2a-1=a-1≥0，（a∈[1，2]）；
F（2）=2ln2-4a+4a-1=2ln2-1=ln4-1＞0，
故F（x）≥0恒成立，即f（x）≥g（x）．

点评本题考查了导数的综合应用及恒成立问题与函数思想的应用．构造函数F（x）=f（x）-g（x）是关键．