广州市南海中学2023学年第一学期高二10月月考
英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
London weekend Walks
1,000 Years of History
11:00 am Westminster Underground
This walk is the best choice for the first-time visitor. We’ll show you where kings and queens were crowned(加冕), where they lived and where they are buried. You will see where politicians have shaped the course of history over the years. This walk finishes at the House of Parliament, which you can visit afterwards at a good discount.
Canals and Cafes
11:00 am Camden Town Underground
Camden Town, with its canals, cafes and studios, is the home of many artists, musicians and writers. The high point of the walk is a visit to Camden Lock, London’s most exciting street market. You may like to take a canal trip to London Zoo after this walk.
Historic Greenwich
2:00 pm Tower Hill Underground
The walk begins with the best boat ride in London, five kilometers down the river from Tower Bridge to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich. From there you’ll walk through Greenwich Park past the Naval Museum and other historic buildings to the village itself. We’ll take you down narrow streets with busy shops and markets, back to the riverside where this walk ends.
Unexpected London
3:00pm Tower Hill Underground
This walk begins with a ride on Europe’s most modern city railway giving you fine views across the Thames and riversides area. We will get on and off the train for mini-walks to discover the hidden corners of the former port(港口) of London.
To go on one of our walks, simply meet your guide in the street outside the underground stations. All these walks last about two hours and end near underground stations. A walk costs ￡4.50(￡3.50 for the elderly).Children under 12 can go for free but they must be with an adult.
1. Which walk includes a visit to London’s most exciting street market
A. Canals and Cafes. B. Historic Greenwich.
C. Unexpected London. D. 1,000 Years of History.
2. What will you do on the Historic Greenwich walk
A. Walk through the Royal Naval College.
B. Visit the Naval Museum.
C. Meet famous people.
D. Take a boat trip.
3. How much will a young couple with their 6-year-old kid spend on one of the walks
A. ￡4.50. B. ￡7.00. C. ￡9.00. D. ￡13.50.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是对四个伦敦周末步行团的路线、时间和费用等相关信息的介绍。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Canals and Cafes”部分中的“The high point of the walk is a visit to Camden Lock, London’s most exciting street market.(步行的高潮是去Camden Lock，伦敦最令人激动的街市)”可知，Canals and Cafes包含了去伦敦最令人激动的街市。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Historic Greenwich部分中“The walk begins with the best boat ride in London, five kilometers down the river from Tower Bridge to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich.”可知，参加该步行团的游客会先沿河从伦敦塔桥乘船到格林威治皇家海学院。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句“A walk costs ￡4.50(￡3.50 for the elderly).Children under 12 can go for free but they must be with an adult.”可知，年轻夫妇每人的费用是4.5英镑，而12岁以下的儿童免费，故他们三口之家总共需要花费9英镑。故选C项。
【点睛】
B
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize in science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.
4. What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1
A. They go through difficulties to be successful.
B. They cannot get the highest honors in the world.
C. They had better pay more attention to their families.
D. They have more opportunities to become successful.
5. Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils
A. She didn’t want to be known to anyone.
B. They weren’t worth studying.
C. Nobody recognized them.
D. She sold them for money.
6. What can we know about Marie Curie
A. She finished her college education in Poland.
B. She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes.
C. She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.
D. She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
7. What’s the text mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries of scientists.
B. Some stories of women scientists.
C. Successful marriages of women scientists.
D. Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以Mary Anning和Marie Curie为代表的女性科学家的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段末尾句内容“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.”可知，在作者看来，女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段末尾句内容“She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.”可知，她当时并没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.”可知，1903年，居里夫人夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年，居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人，这次是在化学领域。因此可知，她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分结构，第一段提及了本文中心话题：Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times…It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.( 从古代开始，女性就一直在进行科学发现……女性很难成为成功的科学家。)，可知文章的话题为“女性科学家”，并在后文讲述了Mary Anning和Marie Curie的成功故事。选项B“Some stories of women scientists.(一些女科学家的故事。)”合理概括了文章中心主旨。故选B项。
【点睛】细节理解题之直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中的细微差别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。比如文章的第2小题：
2. Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils
A. She didn’t want to be known to anyone.
B. They weren’t worth studying.
C. Nobody recognized them.
D. She sold them for money.
直接信息题。根据关键词“fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils”定位原文内容“She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.”，很明显，答案就在原文中：because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family，与选项D表达一致。故选D项为答案。
C
There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to stick to the route(线路) the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination(协调性) and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”, wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine(事务) and experience the city in different ways”, wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
8. How do the parkour practitioners do parkour
A. They move on as they wish. B. They choose the routes the city planners laid down.
C. They run faster than others. D. They stick to certain routes.
9. Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics
A. It’s a special way of life. B. It draws their attention.
C. It’s good for people to keep healthy. D. It needs some rules and instructions.
10. What is the author’s idea on parkour
A. It is more formal than other sports. B. It helps people to be creative.
C It’s worth adding to the sporting event. D. It calls on people to work as a team.
11. What is the best title for the passage
A. A new sports competition B. Parkour practitioners
C. Training in a different way D. Making the city their own
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path.可知对他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙，也没有楼梯——因为他们通过跳跃、攀爬、翻滚和爬行来穿越、穿过、翻越和从任何他们发现的东西下面移动。由此可推知，跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿移动。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.可知国际体操联合会已经注意到这项运动正吸引着越来越多的人——据《卫报》报道，目前仅在英国就有10万人参加跑酷——以及跑酷如何有助于人们变得更强壮：它可以锻炼协调性和平衡性。因此，该组织正在考虑接受跑酷为一项新运动，并在2024年将其加入奥运会。由此可知，国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.可知通过放松的动作和创造性的路线，他们把跑酷视为一种表达自己的方式，同时可以释放自己的压力。由此可推知，作者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.可知然而，跑酷练习者对城市的看法却完全不同。对他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙，也没有楼梯——因为他们通过跳跃、攀爬、翻滚和爬行来穿越、穿过、翻越和从任何他们发现的东西下面移动。城市就是他们的游乐场。结合文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。由此可知，D选项“将城市归为他们自己所有”最符合文章标题。故选D。
D
What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities.
Researchers have found that men often try to impress other people by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when people are watching them or when they are competing against other men. Research also shows that as people get older they usually behave more responsibly and try not to take unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring activities.
Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types. Do they take all types of risk Psychologists have identified a number of categories(种类) of risks. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that just if a person enjoys bungee jumping, it doesn’t mean he or she will take chances when investing money or that he or she will tell a joke to a group of strangers.
Interestingly, research shows that in most cases men are less cautious than women, but women take more social risks than men. Men are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings.
Yet, at the end of the day, the probability of particular people taking a risk depends on what type of people they belong to. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes (结果) of their actions. On the other hand, pessimistic people are the complete opposite.
12. Why do men try to prove they are brave according to the research
A. To attract people’s attention.
B. To take on more responsibility.
C. To make favorable impressions on people.
D. To develop stable relationships with others.
13. What does the example of bungee jumping indicate
A. There are more than one type of risk.
B. Bungee jumping is dangerous, but popular.
C. People take one type of risk, but not another.
D. Some people are more courageous than others.
14. What have researchers discovered about women
A. They are willing to take risks.
B. They are always changing jobs.
C. They are good at doing business.
D. They are usually more conservative (保守的) than men.
15. What mainly determine whether people take risks possibly
A. Their personalities (性格). B. Their financial conditions.
C. There social relationships. D. Their expectations of outcomes.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们人们的冒险意识和性别、年龄、领域、个性等有关。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Researchers have found that men often try to impress other people by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when people are watching them or when they are competing against other men. 可知，研究人员发现，男性经常通过证明自己的勇敢和无畏来给别人留下深刻印象，当人们注视着他们或与其他男性竞争时，他们更有可能冒险。由此推知，男人试图证明他们有勇气是为给别人留下好印象。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段. Psychologists discover that just if a person enjoys bungee jumping, it doesn’t mean he or she will take chances when investing money or that he or she will tell a joke to a group of strangers.可知，心理学家发现，如果一个人喜欢蹦极，并不意味着他或她会在投资时冒险，也不意味着他或她会对一群陌生人讲笑话。由此可推知，作者列举蹦极的例子是为了告诉我们，人们会承担一种风险，但不会承担另一种风险。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 research shows that in most cases men are less cautious than women可知，研究表明，在大多数情况下，男性没有女性那么谨慎。由此可知，女性通常比男性更保守。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段the probability of particular people taking a risk depends on what type of people they belong to可知，某些人冒险的概率取决于他们属于什么类型的人。由此可知，人们的性格决定了人们是否愿意冒险。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Can I Fight Laziness
Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
___16___Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ____17____
Some people fight laziness removing the temptations that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ____18____Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not deal with immediately. ____19____ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
____20____ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. To fight family laziness, set an example.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
G. Laziness appears when you no longer feel in charge of your own mind.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。懒惰的人一生将一事无成。然而，只要你在思想上做一些改变，懒惰是可以被克服的。文章主要介绍了一些克服懒惰的方法。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(许多人经常缺乏睡眠，因为他们熬夜过晚，无法早起准备工作。这些人一旦回到家就没有什么动力了。懒惰与缺乏动力和爱拖延密切相关。通过调整你的睡眠时间表，提供几个小时重要的休息，你可以战胜一整天的懒惰)”可知，本段关于克服懒惰的方法是要获得充足的睡眠，C选项中sleep与后文中sleep相对应。故C选项“克服懒惰的一个方法是获得充足的睡眠”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种战胜懒惰的方法是把思想从被动转变为主动。有些人对待自己的生活就好像是被迫从一个任务推到另一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的方法，将每项任务视为他们必须独自克服的挑战)”可知，本段克服懒惰的方法是变被动为主动，也就是说，要主动掌握生活，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明当无法主动掌控生活时，就会变懒惰的情况。故G选项“当你觉得自己不再能掌控自己的生活时，就会变得懒惰”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据后文“complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成一些任务，用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿美餐或一场电影)”可知，后文提到了用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，可知本段说明的克服懒惰的方法是：给予自己奖励，F选项中a reward system for yourself对应后文中reward yourself。故F选项“为自己建立一个奖励系统，就像父母为自己的孩子做的那样”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰会蔓延开来)”以及后文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.(饭后要第一个收拾碗碟。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成他们自己的任务。当你周围都是干劲十足的人时，很难养成懒惰的习惯)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服家庭懒惰，上文提到懒惰蔓延，后文则提到了要树立榜样，故本句是在说明对抗家庭懒惰的方法是树立榜样。且A选项中family对应上文中at home。故A选项“要对抗家庭懒惰，树立榜样”符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力，并帮助你振作精神)”可知，本段主要说明的是通过锻炼来克服懒惰，D选项中taking exercise对应后文中Enough exercise。故D选项“最后，经常锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰”符合语境，故选D。
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ____21____ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ____22____ their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ____23____ that they left it in the changing room, create chaos (混乱) and then ____24____ it has been in their car all the time. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ____25____.
I remember the first really ____26____ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ____27____ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____28____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on other people.
That taught me a valuable ___29___ and I pass it on to the people who ____30____ in the market. Don’t take it ____31____. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____32____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____33____. If you do, you won’t be able to ____34____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____35____everyone’s day.
21. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
22. A. saying B. pretending C. analysing D. replying
23. A. evaluate B. promise C. predict D. swear
24. A. forget B. encounter C. discover D. assume
25. A. fighting B. smiling C. warning D. inferring
26. A. generous B. polite C. secure D. difficult
27. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. passionate about
28. A. opposed B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
29. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. prospect
30. A. work B. resist C. meet D. quarrel
31. A. gradually B. automatically C. personally D. casually
32 A. ready B. available C. apparent D. well
33. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. in power
34. A. appreciate B. extract C. handle D. switch
35. A. ruins B. makes C. occupies D. saves
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者用自身营商的经历，向人们传递宽以待人并保持乐观心态的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你发疯。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员；D. receptionists接待员。根据上文“I care deeply about my customers.”及下文可知，顾客也会让你发疯。customers为原词复现。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说他们的手提包被偷了。A. saying声称，说；B. pretending假装；C. analysing分析；D. replying回复。根据“their handbag’s been stolen.”并结合常识可知，顾客们会冲进店里，声称自己的手提包被偷了。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. evaluate评估；B. promise承诺；C. predict预测；D. swear肯定的说。根据“that they left it in the changing room, create chaos (混乱)”可知，顾客们很肯定的说他们把手提包落在了更衣室中。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. encounter遭遇；C. discover发现；D. assume假设，假定。根据“it had been in their car all the time.”和常识可知，顾客最终发现他们的包一直在自己的车上。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多生气，但是我试着说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting战斗；B. smiling微笑；C. warning警告；D. inferring推断。根据“I do know how upset the shop staff can get”可知，店员会生气，再根据but转折可推知，此处表示作者会试着说服店员保持微笑。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在科文特花园遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. secure安全的；D. difficult难以取悦的，困难的。 根据下文“nothing was right”可知，这位顾客很难打交道，故此处描述的应该是作者记得自己遇到的第一位真正难打交道的顾客。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：她对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对，我很惊讶她竟然成为了一个“常客”。A. curious about对……好奇；B. displeased with 对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. passionate about对……充满热情。根据 “nothing was right”可推知，这位顾客对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. opposed反对；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。根据“for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on other people.”可知，这位顾客为自己一开始的行为道歉。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A. lesson课，道理；B. trick技巧；C. skill技能；D. prospect希望。根据“taught me a valuable”以及下文“and I pass it on to the people who 　　10　　 in the market.”可推知，此处为这位顾客的行为给作者上了宝贵的一课。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. resist抵制；C. meet遇见；D. quarrel吵架。根据“in the market”，结合前文的“shop staff”以及作者讲述自己作为商人的经历可知，此处应指作者要把自己学到的这一经验传授给在商场工作的人。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：别把它放在心上。A. gradually逐渐地；B. automatically自动地；C. personally就个人而言，当面地，直接地；D. casually随便地。根据下文“If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.”可知，如果一个顾客很粗鲁或者很难相处，你就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了。”由此可推知，此处应指，不要因为别人的言行针对自己而不快。take sth personally意为“因为某人的言行针对自己而不快”。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不舒服。A. ready已完成的；B. available可利用的；C. apparent明显的；D. well身体好的。根据“Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.”可知，此处应为另一个让你不要往心里去的原因——可能她的孩子不舒服。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight 看不见的；B. in the way挡路，妨碍；C. behind the scene幕后；D. in power掌权。根据“Always water it down”可推知，不要让你的自我（情绪）妨碍你。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A. appreciate感激；B. extract提取；C. handle处理；D. switch改变。根据下文“and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene”可知，如果你让自我占据上风，你就无法处理好它，整件事就会演变成让人不愉快的事件，毁了每个人一天的心情。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins破坏，毁掉；B. makes制造，使得；C. occupies占据；D. saves挽救。根据空前的“and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene”可推知，整件事演变成不愉快的事件后会毁了大家一天的心情。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Japan said ___36___ Tuesday that it had decided to ___37___ (gradual) release tons of treated wastewater from the ruined Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant (福岛第一核电站) into the ocean, ___38___ (describe) it as the best solution for dealing with the leftovers (残留物) from the Fukushima nuclear accident, one of the ___39___ (serious) in the world.
The decision ends years of debate over how to deal with the water, ___40___ is enough to fill more than 500. Olympic-sized swimming pools. “The Japanese government ignores concerns and strong opposition ___41___ at home and abroad. Such ___42___ irresponsible act not only directly harms the interests of the people in Japan’s neighboring countries, ___43___ threatens the global marine environment and international public health ___44___ (secure),” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said,
Greenpeace criticized Japan’s plan and said there are other solutions that should ____45____ (consider). “Rather than using the best available technology to store and process the water over the long term, they have chosen the cheapest solution, dumping the water into the Pacific Ocean.” the group said.
【答案】36. on 37. gradually
38. describing
39. most serious
40. which 41. both
42. an 43. but
44. security
45. be considered
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府决定开始向海洋排放核废水，这一行为是极其不负责任的，遭到绿色和平组织的批评。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：日本在周二发布说，他们决定渐渐地将福岛第一核电站的污水排放到海洋中，并说这是处理福岛核事件污水的最好的方法，福岛核事件是世界上最严重事件之一。表示“在周二”应用on Tuesday。故填on。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：日本在周二发布说，他们决定渐渐地将福岛第一核电站的污水排放到海洋中，并说这是处理福岛核事件污水的最好的方法，福岛核事件是世界上最严重事件之一。此处修饰动词release，应用副词“gradually渐渐地”作状语。故填gradually。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：日本在周二发布说，他们决定渐渐地将福岛第一核电站的污水排放到海洋中，并说这是处理福岛核事件污水的最好的方法，福岛核事件是世界上最严重事件之一。分析句子结构可知，describe与主语Japan之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填describing。
【39题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：日本在周二发布说，他们决定渐渐地将福岛第一核电站的污水排放到海洋中，并说这是处理福岛核事件污水的最好的方法，福岛核事件是世界上最严重事件之一。根据空前的one of可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填most serious。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一决定结束了关于如何处理这些废水的争议，这些废水足以填满500多个奥林匹克大小的游泳池。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the water，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：日本政府无视国内外的担忧和强烈反对。表示“国内外”短语为both at home and abroad。故填both。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这种不负责任的行为不仅直接损害了日本周边国家人民的利益，而且威胁到全球海洋环境和国际公共卫生安全。此处泛指“一种行为”，且irresponsible是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：这种不负责任的行为不仅直接损害了日本周边国家人民的利益，而且威胁到全球海洋环境和国际公共卫生安全。表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but (also)…故填but。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种不负责任的行为不仅直接损害了日本周边国家人民的利益，而且威胁到全球海洋环境和国际公共卫生安全。此处作宾语，表示“安全”，应用名词security，不可数。故填security。
【45题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：绿色和平组织批评了日本的计划，并认为还有其他应该考虑的解决方法。此处为that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词solutions，solutions与consider为被动关系，应用被动语态，且空前有情态动词should，故填be considered。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分55分)
第一节 语境填词 填入恰当的单词，并注意其正确形式。(必须用选择性必修—Unit1-3的词汇)(本题共40分，每空2分)
46. It is necessary for us to have an ________(客观的) attitude towards life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】objective
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们有必要对生活有一个客观的态度。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。表示“客观的”用objective。故填objective。
47. The public don’t think their president is a clever ______ (政治家). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】politician
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：公众认为他们的总统不是一个聪明的政治家。分析句子，设空处使用名词作表语，表示“政治家”用politician。故填politician。
48. So long as we can ________(击败) the other team, we’ll become the champion of course. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】defeat##beat
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：只要我们能够击败另一支队伍，我们当然就会成为冠军。根据空前的can可知，空处应填动词原形。结合汉语提示“击败”和空后的“the other team”可知，这里应用defeat或beat。故填defeat或beat。
49. ______ (教授) Green is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Professor
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：格林教授为了赶在最后期限前完成这个项目，日夜不停地工作。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，表示“教授”用professor。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Professor。
50. She has bought an electronic ______ (仪器) that protects her vehicle 24 hours a day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】device
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她买了一个电子设备，可以24小时保护她的车。根据汉语提示可知应填名词device，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填device。
51. After graduation, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a ______ (偏远的) rural area. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】remote
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：毕业后，他决定去偏远的农村支教。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词remote，作定语修饰area。故填remote。
52. Many experts ______ (提倡) praising the progress the students are making. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】advocate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：许多专家主张赞扬学生的进步。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的are以及句意可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“提倡”用advocate。故填advocate。
53. I have the education background and ______ (有关) experience required by the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】relevant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我有这份工作所要求的教育背景和相关经验。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示“相关的”用relevant。故填relevant。
54. Many elderly people expressed a strong ______ (偏爱) to live in their own homes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多老年人表达了住在自己家里的强烈愿望。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。表示“偏爱”用preference。故填preference。
55. Doctor is an ______ (职业) with a bright prospect. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】occupation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：医生是一个前途光明的职业。分析句子，设空处使用名词作表语，表示“职业”用occupation。故填occupation。
56. It is difficult to make ______ (准确的) statistics on the number of deaths from the epidemic. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】accurate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：要准确统计死于这种流行病的人数是困难的。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词accurate，作定语修饰statistics。故填accurate。
57. He is a stubborn man and no one can ______ (说服) him to change his mind. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】persuade
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他是个固执的人，没有人能说服他改变主意。分析句子，设空处置于情态动词can之后，故使用动词原形。表示“说服”用persuade。故填persuade。
58. Cheap goods are ______ (可获得的), but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy the demand. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】available
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有廉价商品，但数量不足以满足需求。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词available，作表语。故填available。
59. This new advanced appliance will detect likely something ______ (反常的) and sent it to the owner immediately. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】abnormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种新的先进设备将检测到可能的异常情况，并立即将其发送给用户。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词abnormal，作定语修饰something。故填abnormal。
60. It seemed ______ (难以置信的) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】 incredible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们在战争期间还想踢足球，这似乎令人难以置信。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，表示“难以置信的”用incredible。故填incredible。
61. We have three ______ (讨人喜爱的) children. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】adorable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们有三个可爱的孩子。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词adorable，作定语修饰名词children。故填adorable。
62. Symptoms are a slight fever, headache and loss of ______ (食欲). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】appetite
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：症状是轻微发烧、头痛和食欲不振。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“食欲”用appetite，loss of appetite意为“没有胃口”。故填appetite。
63. Nowadays, ______(骑车), along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-around forms of exercise. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cycling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，骑自行车，以及慢跑和游泳，被认为是最好的全面锻炼方式之一。根据汉语提示，表示“骑车”用cycling，分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语。故填cycling。
64. Her hand was just ______ (看得见的) by the light from the sitting room. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】visible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的手在客厅的灯光下隐约可见。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词visible，作表语。故填visible。
65. The black-necked crane is one of the ______ (最罕见的) species in the world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】rarest
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：黑颈鹤是世界上最稀有的物种之一。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词最高级rarest，作定语修饰名词species。故填rarest。
第二节完成句子(本题共15分，每空1分)(注意：每条横线只填写一个单词)
选词填空
flow chart, come to power, sum up, commit oneself to doing, switch off, remote control, keep in touch, insist on, daily routine, in this sense, early on, ban... from, on the move, catch fire, upside down, appeal to, up to, live off, set out, ahead of time
66. That young man will ______ ______ ______ driving for five years because of drunk driving.
67. That well-paid job really ______ ______ many people now.
68. We will ______ ______ _______ teach these English kids Chinese in two weeks.
69. You must go to see the doctor ______ ______ if you are ill.
70. Don’t get too close to the fire. Your clothes are likely ______ ______ ______.
71. Since he ______ ______ going, we’ll just let him go with us.
【答案】66. ①. be ②. banned
③. from
67. ①. appeals ②. to
68. ①. set ②. out ③. to
69. ①. early ②. on
70. ①. to ②. catch ③. fire
71. ①. insists
②. on
【解析】
【66题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：那个年轻人因酒后驾车将被禁止驾驶5年。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的will构成一般将来时。根据句意，表示“禁止”用ban...from，该句中the young man与ban之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be banned from。
【67题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：那份待遇优厚的工作现在对很多人都很有吸引力。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据now可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。根据句意，表示“吸引”用appeal to。故填appeals to。
【68题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们将在两周内开始教这些英国孩子中文。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的will构成一般将来时。根据句意，表示“开始做某事，着手做某事用”用set out to do。故填set out to。
【69题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：如果你生病了，你必须尽早去看医生。根据句意，表示“尽早”用early on。故填early on。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：不要离火太近。你的衣服很可能着火。句中be likely to do为固定结构，故使用不定式结构，同时表示“着火”用catch fire。故填to catch fire。
【71题详解】
考查动词。句意：既然他坚持要去，我们就让他和我们一起去吧。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。根据句意，表示“坚持”用insist on，主语为第三人称单数he，故动词也是用第三人称单数。故填insists on。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
72. 假设你是李华，现在越来越多的人进行网上购物，网购有优势也有弊端。请你写一篇短文谈谈你对网上购物的看法。要点如下：
1. 网购的优势；
2. 网购的弊端；
3. 你对网购的态度。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
With the growing popularity of online shopping, some students can't wait to join the trend.
It's true that online shopping has its advantages, making shopping a convenient and pleasant experience, and saving our time that would otherwise be spent in stores.However, we can only see the pictures on the Internet and can not touch or see them. It is difficult to say whether it is good or bad. We will have more problems when the things are not good.
In a word, while online shopping can be a way for us to accumulate some social experience, we can't play it so far as to affect our life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。假设你是李华，现在越来越多的人进行网上购物，网购有优势也有弊端。请你写一篇短文谈谈你对网上购物的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻找：search→look for
总之：in a word→in short
愉快的：pleasant→enjoyable
影响：affect→influence
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：With the growing popularity of online shopping, some students can't wait to join the trend.
拓展句：As online shopping is popular, some students can't wait to join the trend.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It's true that online shopping has its advantages, making shopping a convenient and pleasant experience, and saving our time that would otherwise be spent in stores. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]We will have more problems when the things are not good.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)广州市南海中学2023学年第一学期高二10月月考
英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
London weekend Walks
1,000 Years of History
11:00 am Westminster Underground
This walk is the best choice for the first-time visitor. We’ll show you where kings and queens were crowned(加冕), where they lived and where they are buried. You will see where politicians have shaped the course of history over the years. This walk finishes at the House of Parliament, which you can visit afterwards at a good discount.
Canals and Cafes
11:00 am Camden Town Underground
Camden Town, with its canals, cafes and studios, is the home of many artists, musicians and writers. The high point of the walk is a visit to Camden Lock, London’s most exciting street market. You may like to take a canal trip to London Zoo after this walk.
Historic Greenwich
2:00 pm Tower Hill Underground
The walk begins with the best boat ride in London, five kilometers down the river from Tower Bridge to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich. From there you’ll walk through Greenwich Park past the Naval Museum and other historic buildings to the village itself. We’ll take you down narrow streets with busy shops and markets, back to the riverside where this walk ends.
Unexpected London
3:00pm Tower Hill Underground
This walk begins with a ride on Europe’s most modern city railway giving you fine views across the Thames and riversides area. We will get on and off the train for mini-walks to discover the hidden corners of the former port(港口) of London.
To go on one of our walks, simply meet your guide in the street outside the underground stations. All these walks last about two hours and end near underground stations. A walk costs ￡4.50(￡3.50 for the elderly).Children under 12 can go for free but they must be with an adult.
1. Which walk includes a visit to London’s most exciting street market
A. Canals and Cafes. B. Historic Greenwich.
C. Unexpected London. D. 1,000 Years of History.
2. What will you do on the Historic Greenwich walk
A. Walk through the Royal Naval College.
B. Visit the Naval Museum.
C. Meet famous people.
D. Take a boat trip.
3. How much will a young couple with their 6-year-old kid spend on one of the walks
A. ￡4.50. B. ￡7.00. C. ￡9.00. D. ￡13.50.
B
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize in science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.
4. What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1
A. They go through difficulties to be successful.
B. They cannot get the highest honors in the world.
C. They had better pay more attention to their families.
D. They have more opportunities to become successful.
5. Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils
A. She didn’t want to be known to anyone.
B. They weren’t worth studying.
C. Nobody recognized them.
D She sold them for money.
6. What can we know about Marie Curie
A. She finished her college education in Poland.
B. She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes.
C. She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.
D. She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
7. What’s the text mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries of scientists.
B. Some stories of women scientists.
C Successful marriages of women scientists.
D. Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize.
C
There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to stick to the route(线路) the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination(协调性) and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”, wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine(事务) and experience the city in different ways”, wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
8. How do the parkour practitioners do parkour
A. They move on as they wish. B. They choose the routes the city planners laid down.
C. They run faster than others. D. They stick to certain routes.
9. Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics
A. It’s a special way of life. B. It draws their attention.
C. It’s good for people to keep healthy. D. It needs some rules and instructions.
10. What is the author’s idea on parkour
A. It is more formal than other sports. B. It helps people to be creative.
C. It’s worth adding to the sporting event. D. It calls on people to work as a team.
11. What is the best title for the passage
A. A new sports competition B. Parkour practitioners
C. Training in a different way D. Making the city their own
D
What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities.
Researchers have found that men often try to impress other people by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when people are watching them or when they are competing against other men. Research also shows that as people get older they usually behave more responsibly and try not to take unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring activities.
Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types. Do they take all types of risk Psychologists have identified a number of categories(种类) of risks. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that just if a person enjoys bungee jumping, it doesn’t mean he or she will take chances when investing money or that he or she will tell a joke to a group of strangers.
Interestingly, research shows that in most cases men are less cautious than women, but women take more social risks than men. Men are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings.
Yet, at the end of the day, the probability of particular people taking a risk depends on what type of people they belong to. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes (结果) of their actions. On the other hand, pessimistic people are the complete opposite.
12. Why do men try to prove they are brave according to the research
A. To attract people’s attention.
B. To take on more responsibility.
C. To make favorable impressions on people.
D. To develop stable relationships with others.
13. What does the example of bungee jumping indicate
A. There are more than one type of risk.
B. Bungee jumping is dangerous, but popular.
C. People take one type of risk, but not another.
D. Some people are more courageous than others.
14. What have researchers discovered about women
A. They are willing to take risks.
B They are always changing jobs.
C. They are good at doing business.
D. They are usually more conservative (保守的) than men.
15. What mainly determine whether people take risks possibly
A. Their personalities (性格). B. Their financial conditions.
C. There social relationships. D. Their expectations of outcomes.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Can I Fight Laziness
Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
___16___Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ____17____
Some people fight laziness removing the temptations that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ____18____Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not deal with immediately. ____19____ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
____20____ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. To fight family laziness, set an example.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
G. Laziness appears when you no longer feel in charge of your own mind.
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ____21____ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ____22____ their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ____23____ that they left it in the changing room, create chaos (混乱) and then ____24____ it has been in their car all the time. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ____25____.
I remember the first really ____26____ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ____27____ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____28____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on other people.
That taught me a valuable ___29___ and I pass it on to the people who ____30____ in the market. Don’t take it ____31____. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____32____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____33____. If you do, you won’t be able to ____34____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____35____everyone’s day.
21. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
22. A. saying B. pretending C. analysing D. replying
23. A. evaluate B. promise C. predict D. swear
24. A. forget B. encounter C. discover D. assume
25. A. fighting B. smiling C. warning D. inferring
26. A. generous B. polite C. secure D. difficult
27. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. passionate about
28. A. opposed B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
29. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. prospect
30. A. work B. resist C. meet D. quarrel
31. A. gradually B. automatically C. personally D. casually
32. A. ready B. available C. apparent D. well
33. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. in power
34. A. appreciate B. extract C. handle D. switch
35. A. ruins B. makes C. occupies D. saves
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Japan said ___36___ Tuesday that it had decided to ___37___ (gradual) release tons of treated wastewater from the ruined Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant (福岛第一核电站) into the ocean, ___38___ (describe) it as the best solution for dealing with the leftovers (残留物) from the Fukushima nuclear accident, one of the ___39___ (serious) in the world.
The decision ends years of debate over how to deal with the water, ___40___ is enough to fill more than 500. Olympic-sized swimming pools. “The Japanese government ignores concerns and strong opposition ___41___ at home and abroad. Such ___42___ irresponsible act not only directly harms the interests of the people in Japan’s neighboring countries, ___43___ threatens the global marine environment and international public health ___44___ (secure),” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said,
Greenpeace criticized Japan’s plan and said there are other solutions that should ____45____ (consider). “Rather than using the best available technology to store and process the water over the long term, they have chosen the cheapest solution, dumping the water into the Pacific Ocean.” the group said.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分55分)
第一节 语境填词 填入恰当的单词，并注意其正确形式。(必须用选择性必修—Unit1-3的词汇)(本题共40分，每空2分)
46. It is necessary for us to have an ________(客观的) attitude towards life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47. The public don’t think their president is a clever ______ (政治家). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48. So long as we can ________(击败) the other team, we’ll become the champion of course. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. ______ (教授) Green is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50. She has bought an electronic ______ (仪器) that protects her vehicle 24 hours a day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51. After graduation, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a ______ (偏远的) rural area. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. Many experts ______ (提倡) praising the progress the students are making. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53. I have the education background and ______ (有关的) experience required by the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54. Many elderly people expressed a strong ______ (偏爱) to live in their own homes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55. Doctor is an ______ (职业) with a bright prospect. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56. It is difficult to make ______ (准确的) statistics on the number of deaths from the epidemic. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57. He is a stubborn man and no one can ______ (说服) him to change his mind. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
58. Cheap goods are ______ (可获得的), but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy the demand. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
59. This new advanced appliance will detect likely something ______ (反常的) and sent it to the owner immediately. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
60. It seemed ______ (难以置信的) that people would still want to play football during a war. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
61. We have three ______ (讨人喜爱的) children. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
62. Symptoms are a slight fever headache and loss of ______ (食欲). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
63. Nowadays, ______(骑车), along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-around forms of exercise. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
64. Her hand was just ______ (看得见的) by the light from the sitting room. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
65. The black-necked crane is one of the ______ (最罕见的) species in the world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第二节完成句子(本题共15分，每空1分)(注意：每条横线只填写一个单词)
选词填空
flow chart, come to power, sum up, commit oneself to doing, switch off, remote control, keep in touch, insist on, daily routine, in this sense, early on, ban... from, on the move, catch fire, upside down, appeal to, up to, live off, set out, ahead of time
66. That young man will ______ ______ ______ driving for five years because of drunk driving.
67. That well-paid job really ______ ______ many people now.
68. We will ______ ______ _______ teach these English kids Chinese in two weeks.
69. You must go to see the doctor ______ ______ if you are ill.
70. Don’t get too close to the fire. Your clothes are likely ______ ______ ______.
71. Since he ______ ______ going, we’ll just let him go with us.
第四部分 应用文写作(满分15分)
72. 假设你是李华，现在越来越多的人进行网上购物，网购有优势也有弊端。请你写一篇短文谈谈你对网上购物的看法。要点如下：
1. 网购的优势；
2. 网购的弊端；
3. 你对网购的态度。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________