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江苏省部分地区2023-2024高三上学期9月英语试卷汇编:阅读理解(含答案)

江苏省部分地区2023-2024学年高三上学期9月英语试卷汇编
阅读理解
江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高三上学期9月学情调研英语试卷
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dubai's Museum of the Future, named as one of the 14 most beautiful museums on the planet in a list by National Geographic magazine this July, opened in February 2023. It promises visitors an immersive (沉浸式的) experience that uses technology to represent art and encourages guests to imagine what the future could be like.
What are the exhibitions inside
Five of the seven floors are main exhibition spaces, each designed to look like a futuristic film set. The museum takes visitors on a journey to the year 2071 and creates scenes of what the future could be like in topics such as outer space resource development, ecosystems and bioengineering, health, wellness and spirituality.
How to get tickets
Entry to the museum costs Dh150, but is free for pre-school children, persons with disabilities and citizens aged 60 and over. Half price for students.
The tickets are on sale on the museum's website www.motf.ae.
General rules of the museum
● Visitors are allowed to take photos and videos for personal use, except in the exhibitions that are labeled as the “special exhibition galleries”. Flash photography is not allowed.
● Selfie (自拍) sticks are not permitted.
● Guests can bring their own food that can be eaten in garden areas. No food or drink is allowed in any exhibition.
● There are restrooms on each floor of the museum.
● Free Wi-Fi is available.
21. Which topic is covered in the exhibitions inside the museum
A. Magazines. B. Film. C. Travelling. D. Fitness.
22. How much should a young couple with a primary school kid pay for their tickets
A. Dh150. B. Dh300. C. Dh375. D.Dh450.
23. What is forbidden in the museum
A. Accessing the Internet of the museum.
B. Having some bread in the garden areas.
C. Taking selfies in the special exhibition galleries
D. Videoing the regular exhibition to share with friends.
B
They talk about the straw that broke the camel’s back, but really it should be the password that wiped out my memory bank.
I was going along fine -with instant recall of my bank PIN (密码),my mobile phone number and the date of my cousin's birthday before I downloaded a gas station payment app for its new customer discount. It asked me to create a password. When I typed in “gas 1”, it was rejected for not being complex enough. I tried again: “IHateHearlessOilCompanies@”. But that was too long and didn’t include “at least one number”. But here is the thing: as soon as 1 added the fresh password into my memory, I instantly forgot all the others. My brain had hit its limit for passwords. I now know nothing.
I had entered some passwords in a notebook. Of course, I didn't write down the actual passwords, in case it fell into the wrong hands. Instead, I masked them in a way that only a family member could figure them out. For example, I combined my bank PIN with our postal code, then added it to a list of phone numbers. It would fool even Albert Einstein.
Maybe we need a system like the one we use to remember people’s names. You know, you form an association between a person's characteristics and their name by whispering “Skinny George, Skinny George” in heart after meeting them. The risk is that, upon seeing him, you’ll burst out the phrase. “Skinny George” might not mind, but it's possible “Boring Betty” will. As for remembering passwords as you change them, you could simply use the first and last letters of your favorite singer's greatest hits, together with the year of their release.
Maybe I’ll try that one out- -but only after describing the system in the notebook. Then I'll hide
it in a place so secret that I’ll never remember where it is.
24. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He fell for a marketing trick.
B. He was driven mad by passwords.
C. He had a serious memory disorder.
D. He was rejected by the gas station.
25. By mentioning Albert Einstein in paragraph 3, the author intends to ______.
A. show how secure his passwords were
B. challenge the intelligence of scientists
C. prove the uselessness of his passwords
D. promote a more scientific password system
26. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To encourage readers to use password notebooks.
B. To recommend a password-remembering method.
C. To complain about the trouble caused by passwords.
D. To point out the importance of using complex passwords.
27. What is the tone of the text
A. Inspiring. B. Indifferent. C. Humorous. D. Serious.
C
Getting rid of old tyres (轮胎) has long been a problem. Most are thrown into landfills or piled up in storage. Energy recovery is another common method. This involves burning tyres to generate electricity or heat for industries, but that produces planet warming pollution; or we use them to
repair roads, but chemicals from them might pollute the ground.
Some firms, therefore, have begun exploring an alternative. One such firm is Wastefront, which owns a big tyre-recycling plant in north-east England. In a couple of years, it will be able to turn 8 million old tyres into new products, including a black liquid called TO (轮胎衍生油).
The process works by deconstructing a tyre into steel, rubber, and carbon black. After tearing down the steel, the remaining material is exposed to high temperatures in the absence of air to make the rubber change into a mix of hydrocarbon gases, and then they're removed. What is left behind is pure carbon black. Once the removed gases cool down, a part of them liquefies into TDO. The remaining gases are to be burned to fuel the process. This creates a closed-cycle system that prevents emissions (排放).
The carbon black can be reused to make new tyres. That is of interest to tyre-makers because it helps efforts to become carbon neutral- achieving a balance between the amounts of carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. Producing new carbon black requires burning heavy oil or coal, which lets off plenty of greenhouse gases.
The recovered TDO is well-suited for making diesel ( 柴油). While not completely carbon-neutral, it does produce an 80-90% reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide, compared with the conventional fuel. The future market for such cleaner fuels will remain large, even though electric vehicles are on the rise. Fossil-fuelled vehicles will exist for decades, particularly the big burners of diesel—trucks, which are harder to electrify. The fuel is also needed by trains and ships. So, anything that helps clean up overall emissions is useful—especially if it also eases a mountainous waste problem.
28. What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To analyze causes. B. To present problems.
C. To reach solutions. D. To make comparisons.
29. What can be inferred about the tyre-recycling process
A. Air boosts the burning of the old tyres.
B. The remaining gases are emitted into the air.
C. Pure carbon black is an unprocessed substance.
D. TDO comes from the removed hydrocarbon gases.
30. Why are tyre-makers interested in tyre-recycling
A. They hope to gain financial rewards.
B. It helps reduce greenhouse emissions.
C. It helps improve production efficiency.
D. They hope to expand the future market.
31. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Diesel made from TDO. B. Clean electric energy.
C. Carbon-neutral process. D. Recovered TDO from old tyres.
D
Since we are vulnerable (脆弱的) when we sleep, sleep must play a critical role, or evolution wouldn’t have selected for it. Early humans had to hunt, gather food and protect themselves. Those activities consumed much time, so unless seep served very important purposes, those who slept less would have an advantage. Yet sleeping for long hours of the night was kept for years, but scientists had only general ideas about what happened during sleep. Recently, Dr. Chiara Chiarelli, a neuroscientist, shared what sleep neuroscience research has discovered.
Neural (神经的) networks in the brain are connected through synapses (神经突触) which allow signals to flow throughout the brain and onto cells. During waking hours, new learning can strengthen the connections You can think of knowledge acquired over a long time as a group of well-connected neural paths. When you learn something new, new paths are connected to the old. During the waking hours, your brain processes massive amounts of new insignificant information, say remembering where you parked your car. But that memory has to be preserved at least until you reach the car. It establishes a new connection to your memory of what your car looks like, a well-established “old” memory. The brain creates so many connections daily that particular circuits can be heavily burdened.
Dr. Cirelli explained that during sleep, a great many synaptic connections are weakened so that connections are more available for new learning the next day. Continuing with the parked car example, the exact location of the parked car is not needed again, so the connections are weakened. In fact, if it were not, you might memorize hundreds of places where you have parked, leading to considerable confusion!
You don’t have to be a scientist to understand that not sleeping well affects next day functioning —this is common cultural wisdom. Dr. Cirelli’s research is an example of science showing the “why” and “how” mechanisms that underlie that wisdom.
32. What does the example of early humans show
A. Sleep wasn't as important as it is today.
B. Our ancestors had a hard time surviving.
C. Sleep is significant in the history of humans.
D. Whoever sleeps less enjoys more advantages.
33. What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 2
A. Our memory can be kept over a long period of time.
B. Our brain can be overloaded with synaptic connections.
C. Our brain’s neural network is connected through synapses.
D. Our new learning is based on well-established old memories.
34. What has Dr. Cirelli’s research discovered
A. Sleep broadens neural paths.
B. Sleep carries cultural wisdom.
C. Sleep relieves synaptic burden.
D. Sleep stimulates brain development.
35. What's the author’s attitude to Dr. Cirelli's research
A, Approving. B. Unclear. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful.
江苏省淮安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题
第一节(共 15小题:每小题 2. 5 分, 满分 37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Scenic Hudson's annual Farmland Cycling Tour brings hundreds of riders together to celebrate family farms that provide fresh, healthy food.
Cycle through the beautiful, rolling countryside of Dutchess and Columbia counties.
Pass working farms Scenic Hudson has helped to conserve.
Energize with fresh donuts, cider, and apples from local farms.
Enjoy an appetizing post-ride lunch with live music.
WHEN:
Saturday, September 23
9:00 a. m. -2:00 p. m. (see timing below)
WHERE:
Poets' Walk Park, Red Hook
776 River Rd, Red Hook, NY 12571
ALL THE DETAILS:
SAFETY
Children under 16 years old must be attached to an adult's bicycle or ride a tandem bike with an adult. Riders under age 18 must be accompanied by an adult.
Bring a bike, helmet, clothing appropriate for cycling, and plenty of water for your ride.
TOUR TIMING
On-site check-in is at Poets' Walk Park 8:30 a. m. -9:45 a. m.
Pre-registration is required. Please fill out the form first.
Required start times:
(40 miles) riders must start by 9 a. m.
(20 miles) riders must start by 9:30 a. m.
(10 miles) riders must start by 10 a. m.
Lunch is 12 noon-2 p. m.
CONTACT
For more information contact Anthony Coneski at aconeski@scenichudson.org.
21. What is an advantage of Farmland Cycling Tour
A. You can own your own ideal farm.
B. You can sample fresh farm produce.
C. You are given volunteer jobs on the farm.
D. You are entitled to a live music competition.
22. Which of the following meets safety requirements
A. Riders should wear uniforms to ride.
B. One can not ride if not renting bikes.
C. Parents must accompany riders under 18.
D. Nobody under 16 is allowed to ride alone.
23. What time is proper to sign up on the scene
A. 9 a. m. B. 10 a. m. C. 12 noon. D. 2 p. m.
B
As a teenager, Will Allen was a natural at basketball, and that's where he saw his future. After graduating from Miami University, he turned professional. Later, he married, had children, and joined a European basketball team. In his spare time, he found himself hanging out with local farmers. A few seasons later, Will brought his family back to the United States.
Then one day in 1993, while he was driving home from work, Will spotted a For Sale sign on the last remaining farm in the city of Milwaukee. Ideas flashed through Will's head. He could grow food here. He could farm full-time. He saw an opportunity, and grabbed it.
With funding from a local church, Will hired some neighborhood teenagers to help him get started. Their first job was to "grow" new soil, because the soil in the old greenhouses was heavily polluted. They create soil by composting (堆肥), which means collecting different kinds of food waste and piling it up until it rots and turns into soil.
Will brought in quantities of worms to help fertilize his new plants. In a process called vermiculture, he spread layers of worms between layers of compost. The worms ate up the compost and got out what's called "worm castings. " Amazingly, this worm poop doesn't smell bad at all, and it makes the best fertilizer in the world.
After making good natural soil and the best possible fertilizer for plants, Will and his teenage helpers, along with volunteers from the neighborhood, started growing food.
Today, Growing Power Community Food Center is a miraculously productive model farm, growing enough food to feed two thousand people on just two acres in the middle of a city.
Over the years, Growing Power has continued to expand. In 2002, he opened an office in nearby Chicago, Illinois, to manage three city farms. And his vision for the city farm of the future is a multi-storied building based on the idea "vertical farming". Such a building could feed thousands of people.
"Growing food can change the world!" says Will.
24. What fueled Will's desire to grow food
A. Having to feed a large family. B. Retiring from football seasons.
C. Identifying a city farm for sale. D. Living with European farmers.
25. What is special about new soil
A. It is made up of all kinds of food waste.
B. It is a mixture of rotten organic materials.
C. It isn't taken from the polluted greenhouses.
D. It needs piling up before being brought into use.
26. What can we learn about "worm castings"
A. They give off terrible smell. B. They are what worms consumed.
C. They are piled layers of compost. D. They make the best plant fertilizer.
27. What is Will's idea of future city farms
A. To build high-rise housing for more farmers.
B. To provide sufficient farming space in the city.
C. To build buildings suitable for vertical farming.
D. To open more branches of city farms in big cities.
C
Throughout much of the world, there are limited or no services available to help support neurodiverse (神经多样的) populations, including those diagnosed with ADHD (多动症) and anxiety, and those limited services are often only available if a family can access and afford them. Finding ways to provide increased service access is essential.
Telehealth services, which enable practitioners to continue their work with patients without being physically located in the same place, made their way into the public awareness during the 2019-2022 pandemic.
As many clients and families grew comfortable with video or chat-enabled therapy (治疗) sessions, telehealth as a mode of delivering services has continued to grow. Even as the world has reopened, telehealth remains a vital option for providing access to more individuals, especially those in rural and underserved communities. Floreo, a virtual reality platform, started working on telehealth capability well before the 2019-2022 pandemic. It has seen success working with state Medicaid programmes to bring technology into families' homes. In Wisconsin, families can access a subscription and needed equipment for Floreo and optional telehealth services from in-house Floreo clinicians located outside of the US state.
Adding the virtual reality aspect to a teletherapy session, as Floreo does, allows for practice with virtual peer (地位相同的) characters in social situations, navigating environments such as a supermarket or street crossing, and difficult-to-copy situations like interacting with police officers, all from the comfort and convenience of the family home.
For some families, this has been a game changer. And it is not just families who can benefit from the convenience of telehealth and more accessible services. Telehealth has benefits for practitioners as well. Large ADHD therapy companies like the Center for Social Dynamics are using telehealth to help manage staff time more efficiently. In some traditional therapy situations, therapists may need to travel from house to house to visit clients for home-based services, contributing to staff burnout and turnover.
28. What is the problem facing neurodiverse people
A. They cannot pay the high medical bills.
B. Hospitals fail to lend a helping hand.
C. They are suffering from the incurable diseases.
D. Medical services aren't easily accessible to them.
29. What does the underlined word "practitioners" in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A. Workers. B. Doctors. C. Politicians. D. Servants.
30. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A. How telehealth services are applied.
B. How medical staff practice medicine.
C. What health benefits telehealth provides.
D. What consequences the deadly pandemic has.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Why is telehealth a must in treating illnesses in future
B. How does telehealth make medical care more accessible
C. How can patients get better access to healthcare services
D. Why do patients fail to get healthcare services right away
D
With the WHO no longer considering COVID-19 a global health emergency, it seems that the virus and its large number of deaths will soon fade from memory, along with N95 masks and PCR tests.
Our ability to forget a pandemic is partly a coping mechanism, reflecting the emotional immune system that enables us to move on with our daily lives. Every day, we receive massive information that our brains struggle to keep. Moreover, the process by which our brains assess risk is deeply personal and influenced by our own needs.
We are reminded why so many people were eager to forget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the joys of the Roaring Twenties. But collective forgetting threatens to leave us unprepared for future airborne disease outbreaks, forcing us to re-learn fundamental lessons about the importance of masking and shifting activities outdoors to prevent transmission.
People often have a more positive view of the future than the past as a way of building psychological resilience (韧性). This is because, unlike the unchangeable past, the future offers endless possibilities. But our tendency to look forward also arrests progress on issues like pandemic preparedness, as it leads us to believe we are better equipped than we are.
Today, there's still no comprehensive effort to carry out the detailed recommendations on how to improve pandemic preparedness. Today, we still lack clear explanations for why our public-health agencies are understaffed and underfunded, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinformation was allowed to overflow on media platforms, and why our public-health responses remain passive.
It has taken Ireland more than 150 years to build memorials and museums marking the impact of the disaster—the Great Famine of the 1840s. We cannot afford to let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability to remember the past could affect billions of lives in the future.
32. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The pandemic coping system.
C. The reasons for forgetting a pandemic.
B. The struggle of data memory.
D. The personal pandemic assessment.
33. Why are the 1918 influenza pandemic and the Roaring Twenties mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To outline the astonishing parallel found in history.
B. To reveal the harmful effect of collective forgetting.
C. To uncover people's collective loss of memory.
D. To reflect people's interest in future possibilities.
34. It can be inferred that during the post-pandemic time,
A. good preparations for the next pandemic have been made
B. people's ability to cope with a pandemic is underestimated
C. the suggestions on pandemic prevention are well adopted
D. a list of questions concerning the pandemic remain to be answered
35. What does the author intend people to do in the passage
A. Remember the pandemic. B. Embrace the pandemic-free life.
C. Invest in the pandemic research. D. Build memorials to the pandemic.
江苏省苏州市2023-2024学年高三上学期期初调研测试英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Featured August Programs in the National Portrait Gallery
Kinship: An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby
Join us for an artist talk with Sedrick Huckaby, whose life-size paintings and sculptures refer to universal human connections and memorialize figures central to his life—his family members and those close to him. The artist will discuss the centrality of community and kin (亲属) to his practice. This event will take place in Sedrick Huckaby’s Kinship gallery space from 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. on Aug. 5.
Weekend Workshop: Mindfulness in the Museum
Join Art Educator Sean Murphy for an interactive workshop in mindfulness and art. Inspired by the exhibition, Kinship, participants will be guided through breathing exercises, and a mindfulness activity before visiting the galleries and creating their own mindfulness books. This workshop will take place in G Street Lobby from 10 a.m.to 11:30 a.m. on Aug. 12.
Expressive Arts Workshop: Family Memory Box
Family memories can connect us to those important in our lives. Join us in this interactive art making workshop to create “family memory boxes” to hold special photos, items, and memories of loved ones. No previous art making experience is required. This workshop will take place in G Street Lobby from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. on Aug. 19.
Virtual Portrait Signs: A Tour in ASL
Join us for a virtual tour of 1898: Imperial Vision and Revisions, which is the first major Smithsonian museum exhibition to examine the War of 1898 and the legacy (遗留) of this controversial chapter in history. This deaf-led presentation will include voice interpretation.
This exhibition will take place from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. on Aug. 19. The Zoom link will be emailed on the morning of the program. Questions Please email Jonesve@si.edu.
Which programs share the same theme
An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby and Mindfulness in the Museum.
An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby and Family Memory Box.
Mindfulness in the Museum and Family Memory Box.
Family Memory Box and A Tour in ASL.
What do you know about the exhibition A Tour in ASL
It is an in-gallery tour led by the deaf.
Its presentation will be emailed to visitors.
It is friendly to hearing challenged people.
It is the the first major Smithsonian museum exhibition.
What is the purpose of this text
To invite more people to visit the gallery.
To involve more people in the programs.
To train more people to become artists.
To introduce the gallery to visitors.
B
The Vjosa River, one of the last wild rivers in Europe, has been declared a national park by the Albanian government, making it the first wild river park on the continent.
Home to more than 1,000 animal and plant species, the river flows for 270 kilometers, from Greece, through Albania and into the Adriatic Sea. Giving the credit to no dams or other artificial barriers, it is rich in aquatic (水栖的) species and supports a large number of wildlife species, including some endangered ones.
The wild river national park will include almost 13,000 acres of land, crossing most of the body of the country, with thousands of people living in its surroundings. The decision to establish the park is more important than people may realize. For years, the Vjosa’s fragile ecosystem has been under threat: at one point as many as 45 hydropower plants (水电站) were planned to build across the region. But thanks to the campaigning by environmental NGOs, the tiny Balkan nation was placed at the forefront of river protection.
Albania’s prime minister, Edi Rama, described the creation of the national park as a “truly historic moment” for nature as well as social and economic development. “Today we protect the only wild river in Europe once and for all,” he said. “This is to change a mindset. Protecting an area does not mean that you make it in isolation from the economy.” He said national parks attract 20% more tourists compared with non-protected areas.
The park will cover the 118 miles of the Vjosa in Albania, three main tributaries (支流), and some land, including areas at risk of flooding. Other tributaries will be added afterwards. Unlike the IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas, which limit the number of visitors, it will allow recreational tourism and some other activities such as local fishing, particularly for 60,000 residents in the catchment.
“We hope it will inspire others to come together to protect the wild places in a meaningful way,” said Ryan Gellert, Patagonia’s CEO, and added that the park was proof that the destruction of nature did not have to be the price of progress.
24. Which of the following contributes to the Vjosa River’s biodiversity
A. The existence of natural construction. B. The emergence of artificial barriers.
C. The absence of human disturbance. D. The effect of governmental policies.
25. What is the purpose of the campaign launched by environmental NGOs?
A. To maintain Vjosa’s ecosystem. B. To establish hydro-power plants.
C. To create jobs for local residents. D. To protect the tiny Balkan nation.
26. How is the park different from IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas
A. It covers more tributaries. B. It attracts tourists to fishing.
C. It limits the number of visitors. D. It allows economic development.
27. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A. Social progress results in destruction of nature.
B. Protection of nature conflicts with social progress.
C. Social progress doesn’t necessarily mean destroying nature.
D. Protection of nature doesn’t have to cost society much money.
C
No one likes interruption. We are born to seek balance and order. No matter what it is that you are doing, being interrupted involves a forceful stop midway and then having to re-enter your previous state, sometimes with great difficulty.
Popular belief has it that interruption breaks the flow of your thinking and affects productivity negatively, and so it is advisable that you have an uninterrupted session of intensive work before your next break.
However, a Russian psychologist, Bluma Zeigarnik, might tell you otherwise.
The connection between interruption and memory came to her attention when she was dining in a restaurant. She noticed how the waitresses had an amazing memory of the detailed orders yet to be paid for, but scarce memory of the orders that were already completed.
Back in her laboratory, she conducted studies in which subjects were required to complete various puzzles. Some of the subjects were interrupted during the tasks. All the subjects were then asked to describe what tasks they had done. It turns out that adults remembered the interrupted tasks 90% better than the completed tasks, and that children were even more likely to recall the uncompleted tasks. In other words, uncompleted tasks will stay on your mind until you finish them!
In comparison to tasks that were already finished and ones that we haven’t even started, half-done projects are given the priority in the mental to-do list our brains sketch out for us. Zeigarnik described this finding in her doctoral thesis (论文) in the late 1920s, which was later called Zeigarnik effect.
One possible explanation is that with interrupted tasks, we are desperate for their closure to reclaim a sense of balance. Finishing them also means that we can finally clear up the mental backlog (积压的工作) and give the space to more upcoming tasks.
Zeigarnik’s effect can be found everywhere, especially used in media and advertising. Have you ever wondered why cliffhangers work so well or why you just can’t get yourself to stop watching that series on Netflix
Ernest Hemingway once said about writing a novel, “It is the wait until the next day that is hard to get through.” So next time, when you are interrupted, appreciate it and take advantage of it to promote your productivity.
What is a common practice to finish a task
A. Working in a focused period. B. Working with occasional breaks.
C. Working with a stop midway. D. Working in an interrupted session.
What is the finding of the Zeigarnik’s experiment
A. Interruption recalls details. B. Interruption betters memory.
C. Interruption disturbs balance. D. Interruption reduces productivity.
30. Which of the following is an example of the application of Zeigarnik’s effect
A. Fashion shows. B. Online news.
C. Talk shows. D. TV series.
What is the possible reason behind Zeigarnik’s effect
A. The desire for balance. B. The physical backlog.
C. The outside pressure. D. The upcoming tasks.
D
Mosquitoes carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering to make the annoying insects into partners in the fight against the disease.
For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that approach is temporary,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine, “Because mosquitoes are extremely tough little insects, and their populations can quickly rebound.”
Therefore, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors, which is a complete departure from traditional ways of controlling malaria.
To understand how it works, it helps to understand the life cycle of malaria. The malaria pathogen (病原体) is a parasite (寄生虫) that grows inside humans. It’s passed via mosquitoes that move from person to person, sucking blood. “If we can make the mosquitoes difficult for the pathogens to survive, we can wipe out the disease,” he says. But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a tough job.
To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the mosquitoes.
It turned out the malaria-fighting antibodies which gene-edited mosquitoes produced worked very well. They reduced the number of parasites in the mosquito before they were passed to a human host.
James’ team are now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be conducted on an island or in another isolated location.
But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that naturally occurring methods for reducing malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine (疫苗) against the disease. “Why take unnecessary risks and release a species that can’t be recalled once it’s released into the wild ” she asks.
What can we know from the second and third paragraphs
Mosquitoes reproduce quickly.
Mosquitoes depart from malaria.
Mosquitoes are malaria-fighting warriors.
Mosquitoes’ populations are under control.
According to the text, which of the following are attractive to the malaria pathogen
Mice. B. Parasites. C. Mosquitoes. D. Gene-edited mosquitoes.
What is environmentalists’ attitude toward this new approach
Tolerant. B. Favorable. C. Objective. D. Disapproving.
What is the best title for the text
Limiting Malaria by Controlling Mosquito Populations
Controlling Malaria by editing Mosquitoes’ genes
Curing Malaria with Gene-edited Mosquitoes
Preventing Malaria with a new vaccine
江苏省镇江市2023-2024学年高三上学期期初英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Mahanakhon SkyWalk is one of the best attractions at the heart of Bangkok, combining wonderful views with an unmatched guest experience.
Mahanakhon SkyWalk facilities include:
1st Floor: In the Lobby (大厅) are the Main Entrance and Mahanakhon SkvWalk Ticket Counter (柜台). It conveniently linked to the elevator (电梯) lobby through a Bangkok-themed digital corridor. Feel the excitement of Thailand’s fastest elevators that are capable of reaching the 74th floor in just 50 seconds.
74th Floor: The Indoor Observation Deck affords 360-degree panoramic views of landmark destinations around Bangkok. It comes complete with interactive windows and Augmented Reality (AR) screen experience to capture and send postcards to loved ones direct from Thailand’s highest mailbox!
75th Floor: The Mezzanine offers restroom facilities and access to the glass elevator lobby.
78th Floor: The Rooftop and Outdoor Observation Deck comes alive with the excitement of “The Glass Tray”, a floor space that sits 310 meters from the ground. The viewing deck ranks among the world’s largest glass floors. Take your time as you take in the awe-inspiring view of the city skyline. It’s home to the highest rooftop bar with plenty of drinks and cocktails.
Ticket Information:
Ticket Type: Mahanakhon SkyWalk
Description: Indoor Observatory Deck (74th Floor)
Adult Admission: 850 THB and 250 THB for Children under 12 years of age / Seniors over 60 years of age
Ticket type: Mahanakhon SkyWalk & Rooftor
Description: Indoor and Outdoor Observatory Deck (74th and 78th Floors)
Adult Admission: 1,050 THB and 450 THB for Children under 12 years of age /Seniors over 60 years of age
21. What does Mahanakhon SkyWalk offer its visitors
A. The fastest elevators in Thailand
B. The quickest mail delivery in Thailand
C. The highest ticket counter in Thailand
D. The cheapest cocktails in Thailand
22. Where is The Indoor Observatory Deck
A. On the 1st floor. B. On the 74th floor.
C. On the 75th floor. D. On the 78th floor.
23. How much should a couple with an 11-year-old child pay for Mahanakhon SkyWalk & Rooftop
A. 1050 THB. B. 1950 THB. C. 2100 THB. D. 2550 THB.
B
On any given day Damon Carson will deal with lots of inquiries from large companies looking to unloac massive amounts of stuff that would otherwise go to the landfill (废物填埋场). For example, twenty-eight plastic boxes from a store were just waiting for him to repurpose them. And a recreation company wanted to know if Carson was interested in 360 kilograms of blue ropes
“They don’t want to just throw it away,” he explains. “Nor should they. Because it has value. “The question of what value, and to whom, is what occupies Carson’s days.
For nearly a decade, his company, Repurposed Materials, has been devoted to this. He’s not looking to recycle the stuff he gets—breaking it down to make something new—but rather finding new homes for abandoned goods in their original forms.
In the late 1990s, Carson was on break from business school, when he discovered the profitable world of waste. He and a friend started a small business near construction sites. Working in construction, Carson had become familiar with an almost-everyday phenomenon: “You’d open up one of these big construction dumpster (大垃圾箱) and stuff would start falling out,” he says. He would find perfectly good wood, or a window still wrapped in plastic from the factory. “You can’t wrap your mind around how wasteful America is until you run a waste company,” he says
There is a solid environmental case for repurposing, or upcycling. “When people call, I say we don’t chip, grind, melt.” “Carson notes. Recycling, however noble, still takes energy. “Why melt something down, if it still has value ” he asks. An old oil-field pipe might be melted down and turned into a car bumper, but it still takes a fair amount of power to finish the transformation. Why not put it straight up and turn it into a fence post on a farm The only cost is transport.
Carson recently opened two new warehouses (仓库), bringing the total to six. “Corporations(企业) are,” he says, “becoming increasingly focused on sustainability, so we’re upping (使升级) our capabilities.” You never know when the next 20,000-kilogram spool of 10-centimeter-thick rope might come along, or where it might go.
24. What does Carson’s company Repurposed Materials do
A. It helps large companies bury waste.
B. It warns people against throwing away waste.
C. It brings new lives to abandoned stuff.
D. It changes the original form of abandoned stuff.
25. What advantage does upcycling have over recycling according to Carson
A. It is more logical B. It is more systematic
C. It is more formal D. It is more energy-saving
26. What caused Carson to consider upping his company’s capabilities
A. Current trend of using heavier ropes.
B. Fast development of his warehouses.
C. Natural process of treating waste materials.
D. Increasing environmental concerns of corporations.
27. Which of the following best describes Carson
A. Generous and hard-working B. Intelligent and humorous
C. Devoted and forward-looking D. Independent and responsible
C
From the roar of a crowd to the quiet of a library, sound and silence might seem like polar opposites. However, according to a new research, our brains perceive them in the same way. Silence may not be a sound, but scientists say we can truly hear it.
In this new study, researchers examined how people experience silence using well-known auditory illusions (错觉). The illusions are meant to test the perception of noise, but for the study, the team adapted them to measure people’s response to silence, instead.
“If you can get the same illusions with silences as you get with sounds, then that may be obvious that we literally hear silence after all.” Chaz Firestone, a co-author of the study and cognitive scientist at Johns Hopkins University, says in a statement.
In the study, participants were tricked by these “silence illusions” in a similar way to how people are typically fooled by the sound versions of the experiments.
The researchers prepared seven experiments and tested them on 1,000 study participants. In one experiment, researchers played a recording that sounded like background noise in a crowded place. In the first half of the recording, the background noise was interrupted by two separate periods of silence. In the second half, one continuous period of silence was inserted (嵌入). Researchers asked participants which silence felt longer- the combination of the first two periods of silence, or the second uninterrupted one. Most participants thought the continuous silence was longer, but it was actually the same length as the two shorter silences combined.
These results were consistent with previous research that examined auditory illusions, which used two separate sounds and one continuous sound. With that illusion, people also perceived the continuous sound as longer than the two separate ones together.
Similar findings across the seven experiments suggested that humans experience silence and sound in much the same way: They can distort (扭曲) our perception of time.
28. Why did researchers use auditory illusions in the new study
A. To help people perceive sounds.
B. To test people’s adaptability to noise.
C. To measure how people respond to silence.
D. To remind people to be quiet in the library.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 5
A. Illusions of silence fool people’s brains.
B. The three periods of silence are of the same length.
C. Sound is usually difficult for people to perceive.
D. Participants chose a recording and played it.
30. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A journal. C. A novel. D. A guidebook.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. We can truly hear silence like a sound.
B. Sound and silence are actually the same.
C. Auditory illusions affect our perception ability.
D. Our brain has the ability to perceive sound and silence.
D
The backfire effect is a very strong, psychological aspect in all of our minds. Due to this effect, whenever you are faced with information and facts that contradict something you believe, instead of changing your view or forming a new opinion, your original beliefs will often be strengthened. Yon will believe in your previously formed opinion even more vigorously (坚定地), despite seeing hard proof.
For example, remember that classmate you formed an opinion about too fast And even though everything they did suggested otherwise, you didn’t want to believe you were wrong about them, so you convinced yourself that you weren’t wrong.
You found reasons, dwelt on minor things, and ignored the facts that contradicted your opinion. With all of this struggle, you believed that your opinion didn’t have to change. The huge amount of thought you gave it only strengthened your original opinion about your classmate.
The backfire effect is very powerful and a part of the mechanism of our minds as humans. We can’t get rid of it, but we can make ourselves more aware of it. Being aware that you may be straining your logic only to preserve your beliefs will cause you to keep your mind more open, allowing you to definitely change and learn much faster.
Arguments can be approached in better ways when you are aware of the backfire effect. Apart from being aware of it, you can keep your own mind open. You shouldn’t state facts that counter (反驳) the opposing person’s opinion. Instead, you should ask them questions that will make them question what they believe.
The Internet revolution has provided the ability to argue with people across the globe, even if you’ve never met them. Heated arguments you might have witnessed (or participated in) on the Internet between two people going back and forth about a very emotional issue will usually end in very raised tempers and no conclusions. This is because each side is really just strengthening the other side’s original opinion.
In my opinion, it is critically important to be aware of the backfire effect, because of how much it helps us grow. We can change and learn much faster if we allow our ideas of the world to be flexible, and not be so certain that our beliefs are superior.
32. What will people most probably do under the influence of the backfire effect
A. Accept contradictory information B. Come up with new ideas
C. Stick to previous beliefs D. Notice solid evidence
33. How can people deal with arguments better when noticing the backfire effect
A. By inspiring others to doubt their own belief.
B. By bravely providing the fact opposed by others.
C. By removing the influence of the backfire effect.
D. By becoming aware of the logic of the arguments.
34. Why do heated arguments on the Internet tend to end in vain
A. They are not discussed by people face to face.
B. They are strengthening the opponents’ initial opinion.
C. They are too debatable for people to draw conclusions.
D. They are only between two people.
35. What does the author suggest readers do with the backfire effect
A. Ask for help from other people if necessary.
B. Improve the flexibility of their schedule.
C. Learn from other people as quickly as possible.
D. Avoid absolutely believing their views are better than others.
江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学统考英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature and here are 4 of the best hiking trails in the world.
Pennine Way, the United Kingdom
Stretching 268 miles from the Derbyshire Peak District to the Scottish Borders, the Pennine Way is the United Kingdom’s most famous long-distance path. The entire walk takes around three weeks, passing over wild east of Manchester and through the picturesque Yorkshire Dales, before crossing the ancient border of Hadrian’s Wall and moving on toward Scotland.
Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Rather than following a single path, the Camino, also known as the Way of St James, is actually a series of different pilgrimage (朝圣) routes. The most popular modem route follows a line across northern Spain from the French Pyrenees. While some choose to stay at monasteries (修道院) along the way, plenty of operators offer hotel stays and luggage transfers.
Appalachian Trail, the United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is billed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote places in the United States. Those keen on comfort can use companies like Go Shenandoah, which offers pre-booked accommodation and packed lunches.
The Basho Wayfarer, Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Toboku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its wonderful forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera.
21. Which hiking trail will allow hikers to see the old wall
A. Pennine Way. B. Appalachian Trail.
C. The Basho Wayfarer. D. Camino de Santiago de Compostela.
22. What do Camino de Santiago de Compostela and Appalachian Trail have in common
A. They have more than one popular route.
B. They have beautiful scenery along the way.
C. Hikers on the two trails can get the desired help.
D. Hikers on the two trails may get across two countries.
23. What can a hiker do if he chooses The Basho Wayfarer
A. Stay at a monastery. B. Visit famous ancient sites.
C. Find a guide to accompany him. D. Pre-book accommodation and lunches.
B
I’m 52, and as surprising as it may seem. I’m a gymnast. In a sport for young girls, I have found an unlikely path to joy. When I enter the gym, no matter how much stress I might be feeling, my mind clears and I forget my life. I think of nothing but what I am doing.
When I was 9, I went every Saturday to a gymnastic academy. The coach had gray hair and wore ballet shoes and had boundless enthusiasm. He would say, “You are going to be a gymnast.” And I believed him. I vividly remember the first time I did a roundoff back handspring by myself, the weightlessness of it. I lived for Saturday mornings. I only ever did gymnastics recreationally—I didn’t even know real gyms existed—but I always loved it.
That long dormant (蛰伏的) love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents’ day for my daughter’s beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.
There is nothing like the thrill of getting a new skill, that combination of speed, mechanics, timing, muscles, guts. There is an ineffable (不可言喻的) element, too, something like faith. By the time we reach middle age, most of us have had to deal with our fair share of unwelcome surprises, like illness, family crisis or the death of a beloved parent. But gymnastics has brought the most delightful surprises-I keep getting better, surpassing what I thought were limits, amazing myself by what I can do. At a time in life when many things feel like they are sliding down the slope towards old, gymnastics is a gift of fluency and competence in motion. I’m in the best shape of my life. I’m a better gymnast now than I was at 16.
24. What inspired the author to love gymnastics when she was young
A. Her Saturday routine. B. The coach’s enthusiasm.
C. Her wish to be a gymnast. D. Pleasure from gymnastics.
25. What made the author go back to gymnastic classes in her forties
A. Her duty as a responsible parent.
B. The desire to fit in with her daughter.
C. The strong urge to play with the bars.
D. Her sweet memory of doing gymnastics.
26. Which of the following can describe the author’s personality
A. Faithful and easygoing. B. Humble and competent.
C. Passionate and persistent. D. Ambitious and considerate.
27. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The dream of a fitness woman B. A middle-aged person’s pursuit.
C. The story of a successful gymnast. D. A sport-lover’s unusual experience.
C
Top figure skaters spin at such unbelievably fast speeds—as many as six revolutions per second—that it can make even audiences feel a little dizzy. Although they occasionally fall down upon landing, figure skaters mostly spin through the air without losing their balance. That’s because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling.
Kathleen Cullen, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, studies the vestibular (前庭的) system, which is responsible for our sense of balance and motion, and says spinning without falling from dizziness is an art perfected over time. At the start of their careers, skaters and other athletes feel dizzy when they spin around. But ultimately, they train their brains to better interpret that feeling.
“Something really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice. And that’s basically a change in the way the brain is processing information,” Cullen says. “When you spin around, you’re activating the semicircular canals (半规管). They’re filled with liquid and they’re sensing your circular movement. But when you stop, the liquid has inertia and it tends to continue to move. They get a false sensation of movement. Over years of training, figure skaters’ brains have adapted and learned to ignore this error.”
Athletes also learn ways to reduce their dizziness. For example, focusing on a fixed reference or motionless object minimizes dizziness and loss of balance. “Ballet dancers often move their heads around during each turn to fixate on a visual reference. Similarly, at the end of the spin, athletes will focus on a specific spot on the wall to provide a fixed reference,” Cullen says.
“The brain and the inner ear are in constant communication with the body and one another to achieve balance,” says Brigid Dwyer, an assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. “For most people, however, dizziness is only a potential issue during faster and more forceful activities,” Dwyer says. “Amazingly, when needed, our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.”
28. Why do figure skaters hardly feel dizzy after spinning in the air
A. They can maintain the balance well.
B. They are in good physical condition.
C. They have trained long periods for that.
D. They are gifted at controlling their brain
29. What does the underlined word “inertia” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. The force to make an object move faster.
B. The force to get an object to start moving.
C. The nature to change an object’s original state.
D. The nature to remain an object’s original state.
30. What does Paragraph 3 focus on
A. Scientific analyses. B. Helpful perception.
C. Practical examples. D. Amazing outcome.
31. What does Brigid Dwyer seem to tell us in the last paragraph
A. Dizziness exists in many dynamic activities.
B. The brain can communicate with inner ears.
C. Communication is vital to keeping balance.
D. The brain can be used to dizziness over time.
D
“Going wireless is the future for just about everything!” That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can’t help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called “sonogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body,” says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene—such as TRPA1—into the human heart,” Chalasani says. “If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers.” There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
32. What’s working principle for sonogenetics
A. Using medicine interventional therapies.
B. Changing cells’ shape with new equipment.
C. Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner.
D. Using a kind of unique medical composition.
33. What did the scientists do in the experiment
A. Change the concentration of the protein.
B. Find target cells for treatment precisely.
C. Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign.
D. Choose the type of cell to be stimulated.
34. What can we learn about sonogenetics from Paragraphs 4 and 5
A. It can be applied to other fields besides medicine.
B. It may replace some traditional medical therapies.
C. It will totally transform gene delivery techniques.
D. It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness.
35. What’s the best title for the text
A. Can cells be controlled by sound
B. How is sonogenetics clinically used
C. Are gene delivery techniques available
D. What are applications of sonogenetics
参考答案
江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高三上学期9月学情调研英语试卷
21.D 22. C 23. C 24.B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B
31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C 35.A
江苏省淮安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题
21.B
22. D
23.A
24.C
25.B
26. D
27. C
28. D
29.B
30.C
31.B
32.C
33.B
34.D
35.A
江苏省苏州市2023-2024学年高三上学期期初调研测试英语试卷
21-23 BCB 24-27 CADC 28-31 ABDA 32-35 ACDB
江苏省镇江市2023-2024学年高三上学期期初英语试卷
阅读 21-23 ABD 24-27 CDDC 28-31 CABA 32-35 CABD
江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学统考英语试题
阅读理解
ACB DDCB CDAD CBBA

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